The Importance of Cardiorespiratory vs. Muscular Fitness in Reducing the Odds of Hypertension in War Veterans: A Population-Based Study

Mario Kasović, Lovro Štefan and Zvonimir Kalčik
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Mario Kasović: Faculty of Kinesiology, Department of General and Applied Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Lovro Štefan: Faculty of Kinesiology, Department of General and Applied Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Zvonimir Kalčik: Home of Croatian Veterans, 10110 Zagreb, Croatia

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 21, 1-10

Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine separate and combined associations between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and musculoskeletal fitness (MF) with hypertension. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, participants were 764 men and women aged 45–75 years, who were part of the Homeland War between 1990 to 1995 (33.5% women). CRF included the 2-min step test, while MF was consisted of push-ups in 30 s, chair-stands in 30 s and sit-ups in 30 s. The prevalence of hypertension was defined according to new American College of Cardiology and American Hearts Association Blood Pressure Guidelines for systolic and diastolic blood pressure of ?130 mmHg and/or ?80 mmHg. Results: In models adjusted for sex, age, fatness and fasting blood glucose, we found a graded inverse association between CRF and MF with hypertension. Less cardiorespiratory and muscular fit individuals were more likely to have hypertension. When CRF and MF were combined, individuals with high MF and low CRF, low MF and high CRF and low MF and CRF were 1.77, 2.15 and 7.09 more likely to have of hypertension. Conclusion: Both CRF and MF are associated with the prevalence of hypertension, while the magnitude of the associations between MF and hypertension was more pronounced.

Keywords: blood pressure; physical fitness; veterans; relationship (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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