The Potential Impact of Smog Spell on Humans’ Health Amid COVID-19 Rages

Ammar Javed, Farheen Aamir, Umar Farooq Gohar, Hamid Mukhtar, Muhammad Zia-UI-Haq, Modhi O. Alotaibi, May Nasser Bin-Jumah, Romina Alina Marc (Vlaic) and Oana Lelia Pop
Additional contact information
Ammar Javed: Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
Farheen Aamir: Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
Umar Farooq Gohar: Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
Hamid Mukhtar: Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
Muhammad Zia-UI-Haq: Office of Research, Innovation & Commercialization, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
Modhi O. Alotaibi: Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
May Nasser Bin-Jumah: Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
Romina Alina Marc (Vlaic): Food Engineering Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Oana Lelia Pop: Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 21, 1-19

Abstract: Rapid and unchecked industrialization and the combustion of fossil fuels have engendered a state of fear in urban settlements. Smog is a visible form of air pollution that arises due to the over-emissions of some primary pollutants like volatile organic compounds (VOCs), hydrocarbons, SO 2 , NO, and NO 2 which further react in the atmosphere and give rise to toxic and carcinogenic secondary smog components. Smog reduces the visibility on roads and results in road accidents and cancellation of flights. Uptake of primary and secondary pollutants of smog is responsible for several deleterious diseases of which respiratory disorders, cardiovascular dysfunction, neurological disorders, and cancer are discussed here. Children and pregnant women are more prone to the hazards of smog. The worsening menace of smog on one hand and occurrence of pandemic i.e., COVID-19 on the other may increase the mortality rate. But the implementation of lockdown during pandemics has favored the atmosphere in some ways, which will be highlighted in the article. On the whole, the focus of this article will be on the dubious relationship between smog and coronavirus.

Keywords: air pollution; COVID-19; photochemical smog; respiratory disorders (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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