Transmission Dynamics of Schistosoma haematobium among School-Aged Children: A Cohort Study on Prevalence, Reinfection and Incidence after Mass Drug Administration in the White Nile State of Sudan

Yan Jin, Young-Ha Lee, Seungman Cha, In-Uk Choi, Hassan Ahmed Hassan Ahmed Ismail, Mousab Siddig Elhag and Sung-Tae Hong
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Yan Jin: Department of Microbiology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38067, Korea
Young-Ha Lee: Department of Infection Biology and Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
Seungman Cha: Department of Global Development and Entrepreneurship, Graduate School of Global Development and Entrepreneurship, Handong Global University, Pohang 37554, Korea
In-Uk Choi: Department of Infection Biology and Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
Hassan Ahmed Hassan Ahmed Ismail: Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases Control Directorate, Federal Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 303, Khartoum 1111, Sudan
Mousab Siddig Elhag: Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases Control Directorate, Federal Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 303, Khartoum 1111, Sudan
Sung-Tae Hong: Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 21, 1-14

Abstract: The reinfection rate of schistosomiasis after mass drug administration (MDA) has not been documented in Sudan. We aimed to explore the transmission dynamics of urogenital schistosomiasis after MDA, targeting school-aged children in the White Nile State of Sudan, assessing the prevalence, reinfection rate, and incidence. A single dose of praziquantel (40 mg/kg) was administered to 1951 students in five primary schools from January to February 2018 immediately after a baseline survey, and follow-up surveys were performed at 2 weeks and 6 months after treatment. We examined Schistosoma haematobium eggs by centrifugation methods. The overall reinfection rate at 6 months after treatment was 9.8% (95% confidence interval: 0.5–17.4%). By school, the reinfection rate was highest in the Al Hidaib school, whose prevalence was highest at baseline. The reinfection rate was significantly higher in high-infection areas than low-infection areas ( p = 0.02). Of the prevalence at 6 months in high-infection areas, 41% of cases were due to reinfection. MDA interventions are decided upon and undertaken at the district level. A more targeted treatment strategy should be developed with a particular focus on tracking high-risk groups, even within a school or a community.

Keywords: Schistosoma haematobium; reinfection rate; incidence; mass drug administration; Sudan (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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