A Structural Equation Modelling Approach to Determine Factors of Bone Mineral Density in Korean Women

Minkyung Je, Hyerim Kim and Yoona Kim
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Minkyung Je: Department of Food and Nutrition, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
Hyerim Kim: Department of Food and Nutrition, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
Yoona Kim: Department of Food and Nutrition, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 21, 1-21

Abstract: Background: no studies have assessed the associations of nutrient intake, physical activity, age, and body mass index (BMI) with bone mineral density (BMD) using structural equation modelling (SEM) in Korean women. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of nutrient intakes, physical activity, and body mass index (BMI) on BMD in Korean premenopausal and postmenopausal women, with the SEM approach, based on the fourth and fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES) 2008–2011. Methods: SEM analysis was performed with 4160 women (2863 premenopausal women and 1297 postmenopausal women) aged 30–75 years in order to investigate total, direct, or mediating effects of nutrient intake, physical activity, age, and BMI on BMD. Model sensitivity to external misspecification and statistical significance of SEM was determined by phantom variables and bootstrapping. Reliability assessment of the SEM was done by Cronbach’s alpha. Results: a direct effect of minerals (potassium, calcium, and phosphorus) on BMD (total femur, femoral neck, lumbar spine, and whole body) was observed in premenopausal and postmenopausal women ( p = 0.045 and p = 0.048, respectively). Age and BMI showed a total effect on BMD in premenopausal and postmenopausal women ( p = 0.002, respectively). Conclusions: our study suggests that mineral intake (potassium, calcium, and phosphorus), age, and BMI are major contributors to BMD in Korean premenopausal and postmenopausal women aged 30–75 years.

Keywords: structural equation modelling; bone mineral density; nutrient intake; premenopausal women and postmenopausal women (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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