Variation of the Occurrence of Physical Restraint Use in the Long-Term Care: A Scoping Review

Elisa Ambrosi, Martina Debiasi, Jessica Longhini, Lorenzo Giori, Luisa Saiani, Elisabetta Mezzalira and Federica Canzan
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Elisa Ambrosi: Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
Martina Debiasi: Centre of Higher Education for Health Sciences, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari, Via Briamasco 2, 38121 Trento, Italy
Jessica Longhini: Department of Medical Sciences, University of Udine, Viale Ungheria 20, 33010 Udine, Italy
Lorenzo Giori: Santa Maria Del Carmine Hospital, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari, Corso Verona, 4, 38068 Rovereto, Italy
Luisa Saiani: Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
Elisabetta Mezzalira: Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
Federica Canzan: Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 22, 1-11

Abstract: Physical restraints in the long-term care setting are still commonly used in several countries with a prevalence ranging from 6% to 85%. Trying to have a broad and extensive overlook on the physical restraints use in long-term care is important to design interventions to prevent and/or reduce their use. Therefore, the aim of this scoping review was to analyze the range of occurrence of physical restraint in nursing homes, long-term care facilities, and psychogeriatric units. Pubmed, CINAHL, Ovid PsycINFO- databases were searched for studies with concepts about physical restraint use in the European long-term care setting published between 2009 and 2019, along with a hand search of the bibliographies of the included studies. Data on study design, data sources, clinical setting and sample characteristics were extracted. A total of 24 studies were included. The median occurrence of physical restraint in the European long-term care setting was still high (26.5%; IQR 16.5% to 38.5%) with a significant variability across the studies. The heterogeneity of data varied according to study design, data sources, clinical setting, physical restraint’s definition, and patient characteristics, such as ADLs dependence, presence of dementia and psychoactive drugs prescription.

Keywords: long-term care; physical restraints; prevalence; incidence; scoping review (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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