Obesity Measures as Predictors of Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases among the Jordanian Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

Hana Alkhalidy, Aliaa Orabi, Khadeejah Alnaser, Islam Al-Shami, Tamara Alzboun, Mohammad D. Obeidat and Dongmin Liu
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Hana Alkhalidy: Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
Aliaa Orabi: Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
Khadeejah Alnaser: Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
Islam Al-Shami: Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
Tamara Alzboun: Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
Mohammad D. Obeidat: Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
Dongmin Liu: Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 22, 1-17

Abstract: Obesity is strongly associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study aimed to use obesity measures, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) to predict the CVD and T2D risk and to determine the best predictor of these diseases among Jordanian adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the governmental and military hospitals across Jordan. The study participants were healthy or previously diagnosed with CVD or T2D. The continuous variables were compared using ANOVA, and the categorical variables were compared using the X2 test. The multivariate logistic regression was used to predict CVD and T2D risk through their association with BMI and WC. The final sample consisted of 6000 Jordanian adults with a mean age of 41.5 ± 14.7 years, 73.6% females. The BMI (OR = 1.7, CI: 1.30–2.30, p < 0.001) was associated with a higher risk of T2D compared to WC (OR = 1.3, CI: 1.04–1.52, p = 0.016). However, our results showed that BMI was not associated with CVD risk, while the WC was significantly and positively associated with CVD risk (OR = 1.9, CI: 1.47–2.47, p < 0.001). In conclusion, an elevated BMI predicts a higher risk of T2D, while WC is more efficient in predicting CVD risk. Our results can be used to construct a population-specific intervention to reduce the risk of CVD and T2D among adults in Jordan and other countries with similar backgrounds.

Keywords: obesity; waist circumference; body mass index; type 2 diabetes; cardiovascular diseases; risk; Jordan (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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