Sleeping Disorders in Healthy Individuals with Different Dietary Patterns and BMI, Questionnaire Assessment

Magda Piekarska, Martyna Pszczółka, Damian Parol, Paweł Szewczyk, Daniel Śliż and Artur Mamcarz
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Magda Piekarska: Lifestyle Medicine Student Interest Club, 3rd Department of Internal Diseases and Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 04-749 Warsaw, Poland
Martyna Pszczółka: Lifestyle Medicine Student Interest Club, 3rd Department of Internal Diseases and Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 04-749 Warsaw, Poland
Damian Parol: 3rd Department of Internal Diseases and Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 04-749 Warsaw, Poland
Paweł Szewczyk: Division of Dietetics, Department and Clinic of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
Daniel Śliż: 3rd Department of Internal Diseases and Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 04-749 Warsaw, Poland
Artur Mamcarz: 3rd Department of Internal Diseases and Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 04-749 Warsaw, Poland

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 23, 1-11

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic and abiding restrictions have affected every life domain. Sleep disturbances are a major health issue that is linked with a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome, obesity, and psychological burdens. Research of sleeping disorders among vegetarian and non-vegetarian subpopulations is limited. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of sleeping disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic among people with different dietary patterns. Using a web-based cross-sectional survey, data were collected from 1987 people. A total of 1956 respondents met all study conditions. The questionnaire consisted of sociodemographic information, assessment of dietary habits, and assessment of the prevalence of insomnia and sleepiness, based on the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). A total of 36.04% ( n = 705) respondents declared that they noticed a change in the quality of their sleep during the last year. According to AIS and ESS, non-vegetarians suffered from insomnia or sleepiness more often than vegetarians. Insomnia and sleepiness were also more prevalent among those respondents who declared consumption of fruit and vegetables less often than once a day compared with those who consumed fruit and vegetables daily. Respondents with BMI within the recommended limit (18.5–24.99) suffered from insomnia less often when compared with underweight (BMI < 18.5) or obese (BMI ≥ 25) respondents. Those results may be useful for public health workers and medical professionals in terms of establishing new instruments that help treat sleeping disorders.

Keywords: sleep; lifestyle medicine; vegetarian; nutrition; plant based; insomnia; prevention; sleep quality; Poland; BMI; sleepiness (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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