The Prevalence of Myopia in Children in Spain: An Updated Study in 2020

Cristina Alvarez-Peregrina, Clara Martinez-Perez, Cesar Villa-Collar, Mariano González-Pérez, Ana González-Abad, Miguel Ángel Sánchez-Tena and on behalf of Grupo de Investigación Alain Afflelou
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Cristina Alvarez-Peregrina: Faculty of Biomedical and Health Science, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain
Clara Martinez-Perez: ISEC Lisboa, Instituto de Educação e Ciência de Lisboa, 1750-179 Lisboa, Portugal
Cesar Villa-Collar: Faculty of Biomedical and Health Science, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain
Mariano González-Pérez: Department of Optometry and Vision, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain
Ana González-Abad: Training and Development Department, Alain Afflelou Óptico, 28046 Madrid, Spain
Miguel Ángel Sánchez-Tena: ISEC Lisboa, Instituto de Educação e Ciência de Lisboa, 1750-179 Lisboa, Portugal
on behalf of Grupo de Investigación Alain Afflelou: Training and Development Department, Alain Afflelou Óptico, 28046 Madrid, Spain

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 23, 1-12

Abstract: Background: In recent years, there was a significant increase in myopia incidence worldwide. However, it is still not clear how it affects Spanish children. Since 2016, this research team analyzed myopia prevalence and risk in 9668 children aged between 5 and 7 years. It was shown that the prevalence rates increased from 16.8% in 2016 to 20.4% in 2019. The objective of this study is to update the prevalence rate of myopia in Spain in 2020 and analyze the risk and prevention factors of myopia. Methods: The participants underwent an optometric examination, and a questionnaire on their lifestyle, family history, and geographical origin was carried out. Finally, data were analyzed using the SPSS version 27 program. Results: 1601 children from various Autonomous Communities of Spain were examined. In 2020 the myopia rates did not increase compared to 2019 ( p < 0.05), although the number of hyperopes decreased and the number of emmetropes increased. Regarding age, the prevalence of myopia increased progressively over the years ( p < 0.001). There was no association between gender and myopia ( p > 0.05). There was a link between the time spent in near vision and family history with the prevalence of myopia ( p < 0.05). Conclusions: The prevalence of myopia in Spain in children between 5 and 7 years old increased significantly between 2016 and 2020.

Keywords: myopia; childhood; prevalence (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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