Associations of Dietary Patterns and Risk of Hypertension in Southwest China: A Prospective Cohort Study

Yixia Zhang, Yanhuan Wang, Yun Chen, Jie Zhou, Lina Xu, Kelin Xu, Na Wang, Chaowei Fu and Tao Liu
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Yixia Zhang: Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang 550004, China
Yanhuan Wang: School of Public Health & Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety & NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
Yun Chen: School of Public Health & Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety & NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
Jie Zhou: Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang 550004, China
Lina Xu: Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang 550004, China
Kelin Xu: School of Public Health & Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety & NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
Na Wang: School of Public Health & Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety & NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
Chaowei Fu: School of Public Health & Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety & NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
Tao Liu: Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang 550004, China

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 23, 1-10

Abstract: Empirical data on the association between diet and incident hypertension in Southwest China is lacking. We examined the associations between various dietary patterns and the risk of incident hypertension in this prospective population cohort of Southwest China. A total of 5442 eligible adults were included from Guizhou Province, China, since 2010. Dietary information was obtained using face-to-face interviews with a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and dietary patterns were characterized using factor analysis. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated for the associations between various dietary patterns and incident hypertension risk using a Cox proportional hazard model. Until 2020, a total of 1177 new hypertension cases were identified during an average follow-up of 6.97 years. In the multivariable-adjusted analysis, a low intake of the junk food pattern was significantly associated with the reducing risk of incident hypertension (HR: 0.772, 95% CI: 0.671, 0.887) and a high intake of the vegetable–grain pattern statistically lowered the risk of incident hypertension (HR: 0.774, 95% CI: 0.669, 0.894) compared with the medium intake of such patterns. Higher adherence to the vegetable–grain pattern and lower adherence to the junk food pattern significantly lowered the hypertension incidence among the population in Southwest China. Those findings suggested healthy diet guidelines should be developed for the prevention of hypertension.

Keywords: dietary patterns; factor analysis; cohort study; hypertension; China (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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