Environmental Remediation Potential of Ferrous Sulfate Waste as an Eco-Friendly Coagulant for the Removal of NH 3 -N and COD from the Rubber Processing Effluent

Muhammad Khalish Mohammad Ilias, Md. Sohrab Hossain, Rahmat Ngteni, Adel Al-Gheethi, Harlina Ahmad, Fatehah Mohd Omar, Mu. Naushad and Sadanand Pandey
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Muhammad Khalish Mohammad Ilias: Environmental Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia
Md. Sohrab Hossain: Environmental Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia
Rahmat Ngteni: Sime Darby Research Sdn Bhd, Carey Island 42900, Selangor, Malaysia
Adel Al-Gheethi: Micro-Pollutant Research Centre (MPRC), Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Built & Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja 86400, Johor, Malaysia
Harlina Ahmad: Environmental Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia
Fatehah Mohd Omar: School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Penang, Malaysia
Mu. Naushad: Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Sadanand Pandey: Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 23, 1-16

Abstract: The present study was conducted to determine the potential of utilizing the FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O waste from the titanium manufacturing industry as an effective coagulant for treating industrial effluent. In this study, the secondary rubber processing effluent (SRPE) was treated using ferrous sulfate (FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O) waste from the titanium oxide manufacturing industry. The FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O waste coagulation efficiency was evaluated on the elimination of ammoniacal nitrogen (NH 3 -N) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from SRPE. The central composite design (CCD) of experiments was employed to design the coagulation experiments with varying coagulation time, coagulant doses, and temperature. The coagulation experiments were optimized on the optimal elimination of NH 3 -N and COD using response surface methodology (RSM). Results showed that coagulant doses and temperature significantly influenced NH 3 -N and COD elimination from SRPE. The highest NH 3 -N and COD removal obtained were 98.19% and 93.86%, respectively, at the optimized coagulation experimental conditions of coagulation time 70 min, coagulant doses 900 mg/L, and temperature 62 °C. The residual NH 3 -N and COD in treated SPRE were found below the specified industrial effluent discharge limits set by DoE, Malaysia. Additionally, the sludge generated after coagulation of SRPE contains essential plant nutrients. The present study’s finding showed that FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O waste generated as an industrial byproduct in a titanium oxide manufacturing industry could be utilized as an eco-friendly coagulant in treating industrial effluent.

Keywords: industrial effluent; rubber processing effluent; coagulation; FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O waste; eco-friendly coagulant (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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