Development and Validation of the Depression Inventory for Type 1 Diabetes (DID-1)

Mónica Carreira, María Soledad Ruiz de Adana, Marta Domínguez, Sergio Valdés, Maria Cruz Almaraz, Gabriel Olveira and María Teresa Anarte
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Mónica Carreira: Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain
María Soledad Ruiz de Adana: Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain
Marta Domínguez: Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain
Sergio Valdés: Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain
Maria Cruz Almaraz: Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain
Gabriel Olveira: Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain
María Teresa Anarte: Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 23, 1-16

Abstract: People with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are more likely to have depression than the general population and their prognosis is worse. Unfortunately, the characteristics of persons with T1D lead to inadequate screening for depression in this population. To aid in the detection of depression in this population, this study was undertaken to develop a depressive symptoms assessment instrument specific to patients with T1D and to examine its psychometric properties. A total of 207 people with T1D participated in this study. The reliability of the new scale was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha and the Spearman-Brown split-half coefficient. The Depression Inventory for type 1 Diabetes (DID-1), composed of 45 items on a Likert scale (1–7), shows high internal and temporal consistency, as well as adequate concurrent, convergent and discriminant validity. Factor analysis identified 7 factors (Symptoms of depression, Diminished interest, Hopelessness and dissatisfaction, Guilt, Fear, frustration and irritability, Defenselessness, and Interference in daily life) that explained 61.612% of the total variability. The cut-off score for diagnosis was set at 155 points. It was concluded that the DID-1 scale is a reliable, valid and useful tool for the assessment of depressive symptoms, eliminating the bias of other nonspecific diabetes scales.

Keywords: type 1 diabetes; depression; depressive symptoms; scale development; Depression Inventory for type 1 Diabetes (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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