Age, Sex, and Race/Ethnicity Associations between Fat Mass and Lean Mass with Bone Mineral Density: NHANES Data

Meghan E. Garvey, Ling Shi, Philimon N. Gona, Philip J. Troped and Sarah M. Camhi
Additional contact information
Meghan E. Garvey: Garvey Wellness Corp, 9 Temple Place, Andover, MA 01810, USA
Ling Shi: Department of Nursing, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125, USA
Philimon N. Gona: Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125, USA
Philip J. Troped: Department of Nursing, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125, USA
Sarah M. Camhi: Department of Kinesiology, University of San Francisco, 2130 Fulton St, San Francisco, CA 94117, USA

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 23, 1-9

Abstract: Rising rates of obesity and osteoporosis have public health implications; hence, understanding the relationships between body composition (fat mass (FM) and lean mass (LM)) and bone mineral density (BMD) is important. The purpose of this study is to investigate these associations in a large representative sample. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants ( n = 1717, age 44.1 ± 14.2 years) who had complete dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (total BMD g/cm 2 , FM kg, and LM kg) and covariate data. Hierarchical linear regression models were fitted, controlling for demographic and behavioral covariates. Stratum-specific models were fitted by race, sex, and age group. Significant negative associations were found for FM and BMD (β = −0.003) and significant positive associations for LM and BMD (β = 0.007). Stratum-specific analyses by race were consistent between groups, while variations in negative association magnitudes were seen in FM for sex (males β = −0.005 vs. females β = −0.002) and age (under 45 years of age β = −0.005 vs. 45 years and older β = −0.002). Consistent positive linear associations in total and stratum-specified models between LM and BMD could suggest a potential mechanical influence on bone health. The biological mechanisms driving the magnitude variations between FM and BMD by sex and age require more investigation.

Keywords: bone health; obesity; osteoporosis; body composition (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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