Biological Well-Being during the “Economic Miracle” in Spain: Height, Weight and Body Mass Index of Conscripts in the City of Madrid, 1955–1974

Elena Sánchez-García, José Martínez-Carrión (), Jose Manuel Terán and Carlos Varea
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Elena Sánchez-García: Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Madrid Autonomous University, 28049 Madrid, Spain
Jose Manuel Terán: Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Madrid Autonomous University, 28049 Madrid, Spain
Carlos Varea: Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Madrid Autonomous University, 28049 Madrid, Spain

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 24, 1-16

Abstract: Typifying historical populations using anthropometric indicators such as height, BMI and weight allows for an analysis of the prevalence of obesity and malnutrition. This study evaluates secular changes in height, weight and body mass for men cohorts at 21 years old, born between 1934 and 1954 who were called up between 1955 and 1974, in the city of Madrid, Spain. In this study we prove the hypothesis that anthropometric variables increase thanks to improvement in diet and significant investments in hygiene and health infrastructure during the 1960s. The results of our analysis show a positive secular change in the trends for height (an increase of 4.67 cm), weight (6.400 kg) and BMI (0.90 Kg/m 2 ), the result of a recovery in standards of living following the war and the autarchy of the 1940s. We also observed a slight trend towards obesity and a reduction in underweight categories at the end of the period is also observed. In conclusion, the secular trends of anthropometric variables in the city of Madrid reflect the recovery of living standards after the deterioration of the nutritional status suffered during the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) and the deprivation of the autarchic period.

Keywords: anthropometry; secular trends; inequality; body mass index; conscripts; Spain (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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