Direct and Indirect Effects of Indoor Particulate Matter on Blood Indicators Related to Anemia

Youngrin Kwag, Shinhee Ye, Jongmin Oh, Dong-Wook Lee, Wonho Yang, Yangho Kim and Eunhee Ha
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Youngrin Kwag: Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul KS013, Korea
Shinhee Ye: Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency, Incheon KS006, Korea
Jongmin Oh: Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul KS013, Korea
Dong-Wook Lee: Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul KS013, Korea
Wonho Yang: Department of Occupational Health, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan-si KS002, Korea
Yangho Kim: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan KS016, Korea
Eunhee Ha: Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul KS013, Korea

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 24, 1-12

Abstract: Exposure to indoor particulate matter (PM) is a potential risk factor that increases systemic inflammation and affects erythropoiesis. This study investigated the association between exposure to indoor PM and blood indicators related to anemia (BIRA) in housewives. Indoor PM and blood folate status are important factors in the risk of anemia. This was a housewife cohort study; we recruited 284 housewives in Seoul and Ulsan, Republic of Korea. Indoor exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 was measured by gravimetric analysis and sensors. We investigated the BIRA, such as hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular Hb (MCH), and mean corpuscular Hb concentration (MCHC). Statistical analysis was performed by multiple linear regression model and mediation analysis. The association between BIRA and PM was assessed by multiple linear regression models fitted by mediation analyses. The increase in the level of indoor PM2.5 was associated with a decrease in MCV (Beta coefficient (B): −0.069, Standard error (SE): 0.022) and MCH (B: −0.019, SE: 0.009) in gravimetric measurements. The increase in the level of indoor PM2.5 was associated with a decrease in Hb (B: −0.024, SE: 0.011), hematocrit (B: −0.059, SE: 0.033), and MCV (B: −0.081, SE: 0.037) and MCH (B: −0.037, SE: 0.012) in sensor measurements (PM2.5-Lag10). Further, we identified a serum folate-mediated PM effect. The indoor PM exposure was significantly associated with decreased Hb, MCV, and MCH in housewives. Taken together, our data show that exposure to indoor PM is a risk factor for anemia in housewives. Blood folate concentration can be a mediating factor in the effect of indoor PM on BIRA. Therefore, folate intake should be recommended to prevent anemia in housewives. Moreover, indoor PM exposure should be managed.

Keywords: indoor particulate matter; housewives; Hb; MCV; MCH; MCHC; folate (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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