Retrospective Analysis of Clinical and Radiologic Data Regarding Zygomatic Implant Rehabilitation with a Long-Term Follow-Up

Michele Di Cosola, Andrea Ballini, Khrystyna Zhurakivska, Alberto Ceccarello, Riccardo Nocini, Annarita Malcangi, Giorgio Mori, Lorenzo Lo Muzio, Stefania Cantore and Antonio Olivo
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Michele Di Cosola: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
Andrea Ballini: School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
Khrystyna Zhurakivska: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
Alberto Ceccarello: Medical Center Padova, Private Practice, 3513 Padova, Italy
Riccardo Nocini: Section of Ear Nose and Throat (ENT), Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatric, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
Annarita Malcangi: Public Local Health Company (Azienda Sanitaria Locale, ASL), B.A.T, 76125 Trani, Italy
Giorgio Mori: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
Lorenzo Lo Muzio: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
Stefania Cantore: Faculty of Dentistry (Fakulteti i Mjekësisë Dentare-FMD), University of Medicine, 1001 Tirana, Albania
Antonio Olivo: Medical Center Padova, Private Practice, 3513 Padova, Italy

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 24, 1-12

Abstract: Background: Zygomatic implants have been introduced to rehabilitate edentulous patients with severely atrophic maxillae. Their use has been reported by several studies, describing high overall survival rates at medium–long follow-up. The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze if a few patient-related and implant-related features are correlated with implant success or the onset of complications. Materials and methods: Data of patients treated with zygomatic implants between May 2005 and November 2012 at three private clinics were collected and retrospectively analyzed. For each implant, the following data were collected: implant length, insertion path, ridge atrophy and sinus characteristics (width, pneumatization, thickness of mucosae, patency of sinus ostium). General patient characteristics and health status data were also recorded. The outcomes evaluated were implant failure, infective complications, early neurologic complications and overall complications. Results: A total of 33 patients (14 men, 17 women, mean age 59.1) that received 67 zygomatic implants were included in the study. The mean duration of the follow-up was of 141.6 months (min 109; max 198). In this period, a total of 16 (23.88%) implants in 8 (24.24%) patients were removed and 17 (51.51%) patients with 36 (53.73%) implants reported complications. Immediate loading resulted in a significantly lower risk of complications compared with the two-stage prosthetic rehabilitation (OR: 0.04, p = 0.002). A thickness of the sinus mucosa > 3 mm emerged to be correlated with a greater occurrence of infective complications (OR: 3.39, p = 0.019). Severe and extreme pneumatization of the sinus was significantly correlated with the incidence of overall complications ( p = 0.037) and implant failure ( p = 0.044). A large sinus width was predisposed to a higher risk of neurologic complications, infective complications and implant failure ( p = 0.036, p = 0.032, p = 0.04, respectively). Conclusions: zygomatic implants are an alternative procedure for atrophic ridge rehabilitation when a conventional implant placement is not possible. Several clinical and anatomical factors can have a significant role in complication occurrence.

Keywords: zygomatic implants; success rate; implant failure; oral and maxillo-facial surgery (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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