Regression-Based Normative Data for Independent and Cognitively Active Spanish Older Adults: Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test, Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure Test and Judgement of Line Orientation

Eva Calderón-Rubio, Javier Oltra-Cucarella, Beatriz Bonete-López, Clara Iñesta and Esther Sitges-Maciá
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Eva Calderón-Rubio: SABIEX, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Avda. de la Universidad, 03207 Elche, Spain
Javier Oltra-Cucarella: SABIEX, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Avda. de la Universidad, 03207 Elche, Spain
Beatriz Bonete-López: SABIEX, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Avda. de la Universidad, 03207 Elche, Spain
Clara Iñesta: SABIEX, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Avda. de la Universidad, 03207 Elche, Spain
Esther Sitges-Maciá: SABIEX, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Avda. de la Universidad, 03207 Elche, Spain

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 24, 1-14

Abstract: The aim of this work was to develop normative data for neuropsychological tests for the assessment of independent and cognitively active Spanish older adults over 55 years of age. Methods: regression-based normative data were calculated from a sample of 103 nondepressed independent community-dwelling adults aged 55 or older (66% women). The raw data for the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT), the Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (ROCF) and the Judgement of Line Orientation Test (JLO) were regressed on age, sex and education. The model predicting the FCSRT delayed-recall (FCSRT-Del) scores also included the FCSRT immediate-recall (FCSRT-Imm) scores. The model predicting the ROCF immediate-recall (ROCF-Imm) scores included the ROCF copy-trial (ROCF-C) scores, and the model predicting the ROCF delayed-recall (ROCF-Del) scores included both the ROCF-C and the ROCF-Imm scores. In order to identify low scores, z-scores were used to determine the discrepancy between the observed and the predicted scores. The base rates of the low scores for both the SABIEX normative data and the published normative data obtained from the general population were compared. Results: the effects of the different sociodemographic variables (age, sex and education) varied throughout the neuropsychological measures. Despite finding similar proportions of low scores between the normative data sets, the agreement was irrelevant or only fair-to-good. Conclusions: the normative data obtained from the general population might not be sensitive enough to identify low scores in cognitively active older adults, incorrectly classifying them as cognitively normal compared to the less active population.

Keywords: mild cognitive impairment; memory; neuropsychological assessment; normative data (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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