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Effect of Green Space Environment on Air Pollutants PM2.5, PM10, CO, O 3, and Incidence and Mortality of SARS-CoV-2 in Highly Green and Less-Green Countries

Sultan Ayoub Meo, Faris Jamal Almutairi, Abdulelah Adnan Abukhalaf and Adnan Mahmood Usmani
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Sultan Ayoub Meo: Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
Faris Jamal Almutairi: Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
Abdulelah Adnan Abukhalaf: Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
Adnan Mahmood Usmani: Diabetic Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 24, 1-11

Abstract: Worldwide, over half of the global population is living in urban areas. The metropolitan areas are highly populated and environmentally non-green regions on the planet. In green space regions, plants, grass, and green vegetation prevent soil erosion, absorb air pollutants, provide fresh and clean air, and minimize the burden of diseases. Presently, the entire world is facing a turmoil situation due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigates the effect of the green space environment on air pollutants particulate matter PM2.5, PM10, carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O 3 ), incidence and mortality of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in environmentally highly green and less-green countries. We randomly selected 17 countries based on the Environmental Performance Index (EPI) data. The 60% of the EPI score is based on seven categories: “biodiversity and habitat, ecosystem, fisheries, climate change, pollution emissions, agriculture, and water resources”. However, 40% of the score is based on four categories: “air quality, sanitation and drinking water, heavy metals, and waste management”. The air pollutants and SARS-CoV-2 cases and deaths were recorded from 25 January 2020, to 11 July 2021. The air pollutants “PM2.5, PM10, CO, and O 3 ” were recorded from the metrological websites, Air Quality Index-AQI, 2021. The COVID-19 daily cases and deaths were obtained from the World Health Organization. The result reveals that air pollutants mean values for PM2.5 110.73 ± 1.09 vs. 31.35 ± 0.29; PM10 80.43 ± 1.11 vs. 17.78 ± 0.15; CO 7.92 ± 0.14 vs. 2.35 ± 0.03 were significantly decreased ( p < 0.0001) in environmentally highly green space countries compared to less-green countries. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 cases 15,713.61 ± 702.42 vs. 3445.59 ± 108.09; and deaths 297.56 ± 11.27 vs. 72.54 ± 2.61 were also significantly decreased in highly green countries compared to less-green countries. The green environment positively impacts human wellbeing. The policymakers must implement policies to keep the living areas, surroundings, towns, and cities clean and green to minimize air pollution and combat the present pandemic of COVID-19.

Keywords: green space; non-green space; environmental pollution; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (3)

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