Impact of Environment, Life Expectancy and Real GDP per Capita on Health Expenditures: Evidence from the EU Member States

Yilmaz Bayar, Marius Dan Gavriletea, Mirela Oana Pintea and Ioana Cristina Sechel
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Yilmaz Bayar: Department of Public Finance, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, Bandırma 10200, Turkey
Marius Dan Gavriletea: Department of Business, Business Faculty, Babes-Bolyai University, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Mirela Oana Pintea: Finance Department, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Babes-Bolyai University, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Ioana Cristina Sechel: Faculty of Automotive, Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering—Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 24, 1-14

Abstract: This research explores the impact of environment, life expectancy, and real GDP per capita on health expenditures in a sample of 27 EU member states over the 2000–2018 period through causality and cointegration analyses. The causality analysis revealed a significant unilateral causality from variables of greenhouse gas emissions, life expectancy, and real GDP per capita to health expenditures. In other words, greenhouse gas emissions, life expectancy, and real GDP per capita had a significant impact on health expenditures in the short run. The cointegration analysis indicated that life expectancy and real GDP per capita had a significant positive impact on health expenditures at the overall panel. On the other side, the country level cointegration coefficients revealed that life expectancy had a considerable positive impact on health expenditures, real GDP per capita had a moderate positive impact on the health expenditures in most of the countries in the panel, but the environment proxied by greenhouse gas emissions had a low positive or negative impact on the health expenditures in a limited number of countries.

Keywords: health expenditures; environment; life expectancy; real GDP (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (4)

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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:24:p:13176-:d:702088

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