Sex Differences in the Amount and Patterns of Car-Driving Exposure in Spain, 2014 to 2017: An Application of a Quasi-Induced Exposure Approach

José Mateos-Granados, Luis Miguel Martín-delosReyes, Mario Rivera-Izquierdo, Eladio Jiménez-Mejías, Virginia Martínez-Ruiz and Pablo Lardelli-Claret
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José Mateos-Granados: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación 11, 18071 Granada, Spain
Luis Miguel Martín-delosReyes: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación 11, 18071 Granada, Spain
Mario Rivera-Izquierdo: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación 11, 18071 Granada, Spain
Eladio Jiménez-Mejías: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación 11, 18071 Granada, Spain
Virginia Martínez-Ruiz: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación 11, 18071 Granada, Spain
Pablo Lardelli-Claret: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación 11, 18071 Granada, Spain

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 24, 1-9

Abstract: We designed a cross-sectional study in Spain, from 2014 to 2017. Our objective was to assess sex-related differences in the amount of driving exposure of car drivers, overall and stratified by the main environment-related driving conditions. We compared the sex distribution across three populations: (1) total number of person-years aged > 18 years; (2) total number of person-years aged > 18 years holding a valid car-driving license; and (3) total number of non-responsible car drivers involved in crashes with another offending driver, stratified by different environmental variables. The quasi-induced exposure approach was applied: the non-responsible drivers were considered as representative of the entire population of drivers on the road at the place and time at which the crash occurred. We calculated the female-to-male odds ratio (OR) by comparing population 2 versus 1, and population 3 versus 2. Finally, we performed separate regression models in population 3 for each environment-related variable as the dependent variable and driver’s age and sex as the independent variables. The female-to-male OR for the first comparison was 1.12, but values below 1 were found for extreme age groups. In the second comparison, an OR of 0.50 (0.49–0.51) was found, with progressively lower OR values as age increased. In population 3, women were found to drive less than men in environments known to be high risk (i.e., open roads, night-time, poor light conditions, and weekends). A significant gender gap exists in the amount and type of driving exposure. Although women obtain a driving license more frequently than men, they drive much less and tend to avoid high-risk environments. These results emphasize the need to incorporate a gender perspective in the development and implementation of road safety interventions.

Keywords: car-driving exposure; gender differences; environmental factors; traffic epidemiology; quasi-induced exposure (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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