Tools for Assessing Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Underserved Young Adult Populations: A Systematic Review

Audrey A. Opoku-Acheampong, Richard R. Rosenkranz, Koushik Adhikari, Nancy Muturi, Cindy Logan and Tandalayo Kidd
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Audrey A. Opoku-Acheampong: Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics, and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
Richard R. Rosenkranz: Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics, and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
Koushik Adhikari: Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223, USA
Nancy Muturi: A. Q. Miller School of Journalism and Mass Communication, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
Cindy Logan: Academic Services, Hale Library, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
Tandalayo Kidd: Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics, and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 24, 1-13

Abstract: Cardiovascular disease (CVD, i.e., disease of the heart and blood vessels) is a major cause of death globally. Current assessment tools use either clinical or non-clinical factors alone or in combination to assess CVD risk. The aim of this review was to critically appraise, compare, and summarize existing non-clinically based tools for assessing CVD risk factors in underserved young adult (18–34-year-old) populations. Two online electronic databases—PubMed and Scopus—were searched to identify existing risk assessment tools, using a combination of CVD-related keywords. The search was limited to articles available in English only and published between January 2008 and January 2019. Of the 10,383 studies initially identified, 67 were eligible. In total, 5 out of the 67 articles assessed CVD risk in underserved young adult populations. A total of 21 distinct CVD risk assessment tools were identified; six of these did not require clinical or laboratory data in their estimation (i.e., non-clinical). The main non-clinically based tools identified were the Heart Disease Fact Questionnaire, the Health Beliefs Related to CVD-Perception measure, the Healthy Eating Opinion Survey, the Perception of Risk of Heart Disease Scale, and the WHO STEPwise approach to chronic disease factor surveillance (i.e., the STEPS instrument).

Keywords: non-clinical; risk assessment; underserved; young adult (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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