Assessment of NO 2 Pollution Level during the COVID-19 Lockdown in a Romanian City

Adrian Roșu, Daniel-Eduard Constantin, Mirela Voiculescu, Maxim Arseni, Bogdan Roșu, Alexis Merlaud, Michel Van Roozendael and Puiu Lucian Georgescu
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Adrian Roșu: Faculty of Sciences and Environment, The European Centre of Excellence for the Environment, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, Domneasca Street, No. 111, 800201 Galati, Romania
Daniel-Eduard Constantin: Faculty of Sciences and Environment, The European Centre of Excellence for the Environment, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, Domneasca Street, No. 111, 800201 Galati, Romania
Mirela Voiculescu: Faculty of Sciences and Environment, The European Centre of Excellence for the Environment, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, Domneasca Street, No. 111, 800201 Galati, Romania
Maxim Arseni: Faculty of Sciences and Environment, The European Centre of Excellence for the Environment, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, Domneasca Street, No. 111, 800201 Galati, Romania
Bogdan Roșu: Faculty of Sciences and Environment, The European Centre of Excellence for the Environment, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, Domneasca Street, No. 111, 800201 Galati, Romania
Alexis Merlaud: Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Ringlaan-3-Avenue Circulaire, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium
Michel Van Roozendael: Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Ringlaan-3-Avenue Circulaire, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium
Puiu Lucian Georgescu: Faculty of Sciences and Environment, The European Centre of Excellence for the Environment, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, Domneasca Street, No. 111, 800201 Galati, Romania

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 2, 1-16

Abstract: This study investigates changes in pollution associated with the lockdown period caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in Galati (45.43° N, 28.03° E), a Romanian city located in the southeast of Romania. The study is focused on nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), a trace gas which can be related to emissions from industrial activities, heating, and transportation. The investigation is based on in situ observations from local Air Quality Monitoring Stations (AQMS) and mobile remote sensing observations by Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) technique. We also show results of the NO 2 vertical column measured by TROPOMI (TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument), a space instrument onboard of satellite mission Sentinel-5P, to complement local ground-based measurements. For in situ observations, the lockdown interval (23 March 2020–15 May 2020) was separated from normal periods. The decrease in local NO 2 concentration during lockdown, measured in situ, is rather small, of about 10–40% at the most, is observed only at some stations, and is better seen during workdays than during weekends. We conclude that the decrease in NO 2 content over Galati city during lockdown is relatively small and may be attributed to the reduction in local traffic, a consequence of special measures and restrictions imposed during the COVID-19 lockdown by the Romanian authorities.

Keywords: COVID-19 lockdown; nitrogen dioxide; in situ; space observations; mobile DOAS observations (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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