Brazil’s Actions and Reactions in the Fight against COVID-19 from January to March 2020

Ana Szylovec, Isis Umbelino-Walker, Brittany Nicole Cain, Hoi Tung Ng, Antoine Flahault and Liudmila Rozanova
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Ana Szylovec: Institute of Global Health, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
Isis Umbelino-Walker: Athena Institute, Faculty of Science, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Brittany Nicole Cain: Institute of Global Health, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
Hoi Tung Ng: Institute of Global Health, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
Antoine Flahault: Institute of Global Health, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
Liudmila Rozanova: Institute of Global Health, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 2, 1-17

Abstract: The outbreak of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and the disease it causes, COVID-19, which emerged in 2019, was identified by the World Health Organization as a public health emergency of international concern. Brazil actively responded to contain the virus. This case study aims to examine Brazil’s response to COVID-19 by investigating the country’s actions and reflecting upon the outcomes throughout January and March 2020. The data collection strategy included gathering data from the country’s intergovernmental organization’s official website, epidemiological bulletins, and news reports, guided by intersectoral and interdisciplinary themes. Although the highest incidence rates were in the most rich and populated region in Brazil, it was the poorest region that had the highest case fatality rate. Nevertheless, Brazil took several non-pharmaceutical measures to control and mitigate the spread of the virus. However, the strategy seems to have failed to consider regional and social inequalities. The actions of the health minister were undermined by a conflicting discourse between the minister and the president. The outbreak of COVID-19 added an extra burden on the country’s healthcare system and the existing economic crises; exacerbated the inherent social, political, and economic challenges; and exposed the country’s contradictions.

Keywords: COVID-19; Brazil; SARS-CoV-2; health policy; global health; public health (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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