Untargeted Urinary Metabolomics and Children’s Exposure to Secondhand Smoke: The Influence of Individual Differences

Huiwei Zhu, Abu S. Abdullah, Jingyi He, Jianxiong Xi, Yimeng Mao, Yitian Feng, Qianyi Xiao and Pinpin Zheng
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Huiwei Zhu: Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
Abu S. Abdullah: Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan 215347, China
Jingyi He: Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
Jianxiong Xi: Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
Yimeng Mao: Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
Yitian Feng: Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
Qianyi Xiao: Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
Pinpin Zheng: Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 2, 1-16

Abstract: Children’s exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) is a severe public health problem. There is still a lack of evidence regarding panoramic changes in children’s urinary metabolites induced by their involuntary exposure to SHS, and few studies have considered individual differences. This study aims to clarify the SHS-induced changes in urinary metabolites in preschool children by using cross-sectional and longitudinal metabolomics analyses. Urinary metabolites were quantified by using untargeted ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC (c) -MS/MS). Urine cotinine-measured SHS exposure was examined to determine the exposure level. A cross-sectional study including 17 children in a low-exposure group, 17 in a medium-exposure group, and 17 in a high-exposure group was first conducted. Then, a before–after study in the cohort of children was carried out before and two months after smoking-cessation intervention for family smokers. A total of 43 metabolites were discovered to be related to SHS exposure in children in the cross-sectional analysis (false discovery rate (FDR) corrected p < 0.05, variable importance in the projection (VIP) > 1.0). Only three metabolites were confirmed to be positively associated with children’s exposure to SHS (FDR corrected p < 0.05) in a follow-up longitudinal analysis, including kynurenine, tyrosyl-tryptophan, and 1-(3-pyridinyl)-1,4-butanediol, the latter of which belongs to carbonyl compounds, peptides, and pyridines. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis indicated that 1-(3-pyridinyl)-1,4-butanediol and kynurenine were significantly enriched in xenobiotic metabolism by cytochrome P450 ( p = 0.040) and tryptophan metabolism ( p = 0.030), respectively. These findings provide new insights into the pathophysiological mechanism of SHS and indicate the influence of individual differences in SHS-induced changes in urinary metabolites in children.

Keywords: secondhand smoke; metabolomics; untargeted; children; cotinine (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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