Combined Effects of Elevated Temperature and Crude Oil Pollution on Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Sea Cucumber ( Apostichopus japonicus, Selenka)

Xishan Li, Chengyan Wang, Nan Li, Yali Gao, Zhonglei Ju, Guoxiang Liao and Deqi Xiong
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Xishan Li: National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
Chengyan Wang: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
Nan Li: National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
Yali Gao: School of Marine Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
Zhonglei Ju: National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
Guoxiang Liao: National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
Deqi Xiong: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 2, 1-16

Abstract: Currently, global climate change and oil pollution are two main environmental concerns for sea cucumber ( Apostichopus japonicus ) aquaculture. However, no study has been conducted on the combined effects of elevated temperature and oil pollution on sea cucumber. Therefore, in the present study, we treated sea cucumber with elevated temperature (26 °C) alone, water-accommodated fractions (WAF) of Oman crude oil at an optimal temperature of 16 °C, and Oman crude oil WAF at an elevated temperature of 26 °C for 24 h. Results showed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and total antioxidant capacity in WAF at 26 °C treatment were higher than that in WAF at 16 °C treatment, as evidenced by 6.03- and 1.31-fold-higher values, respectively. Oxidative damage assessments manifested that WAF at 26 °C treatment caused much severer oxidative damage of the biomacromolecules (including DNA, proteins, and lipids) than 26 °C or WAF at 16 °C treatments did. Moreover, compared to 26 °C or WAF at 16 °C treatments, WAF at 26 °C treatment induced a significant increase in cellular apoptosis by detecting the caspase-3 activity. Our results revealed that co-exposure to elevated temperature and crude oil could simulate higher ROS levels and subsequently cause much severer oxidative damage and cellular apoptosis than crude oil alone on sea cucumber.

Keywords: crude oil; elevated temperature; sea cucumber; oxidative stress; apoptosis (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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