The Direct and Indirect Relationships of Environmental, Interpersonal and Personal Factors with High School Students Physical Activity: An Ecological Approach

Brigita Mieziene, Arunas Emeljanovas, Ilona Tilindiene, Laura Tumynaite, Laima Trinkuniene and Ichiro Kawachi
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Brigita Mieziene: Department of Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
Arunas Emeljanovas: Department of Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
Ilona Tilindiene: Department of Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
Laura Tumynaite: Department of Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
Laima Trinkuniene: Department of Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
Ichiro Kawachi: Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 3, 1-16

Abstract: Background: Across countries, young people are not sufficiently physically active. The evidence confirms that beyond demographic and individual agents, individuals participate within their social and physical environment. The ecological model enables a search for the modifiable factors in specific populations, as it allows consideration of factors affecting individuals’ lives on different levels, as well as considering the interplay of those factors. The aim of this study was to examine the complex interconnections among environmental, social capital and motivational factors at different levels, within an ecological model for high school students’ moderate-to-vigorous physical activity during their leisure time. Methods: This cross-sectional population-based study included 1285 students from 14 to 18 years old, with a mean age of 16.14 ± 1.22. Physical activity, neighborhood physical activity recourses, neighborhood safety, social capital, physical activity motivation and sociodemographic factors were evaluated. Logistic regression, mediation and moderation analyses were performed predicting moderate-to-vigorous physical activity during leisure time. Results: In the final multivariate logistic regression model, greater social participation (OR 1.03 [1.01–1.05]), higher relative autonomy index (OR 1.11 [1.06–1.15]) and male gender (OR 1.71 [1.13–2.57]) directly predicted meeting MVPA recommendations. Any significant moderation effects ( p > 0.05) of environmental characteristics were not found for the relationship between social capital, motivational factors and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. The evidence of positive indirect mediation effects was found in all five models for social capital components as all CIs for its βs do not contain 0, though standardized effect sizes were between 0.02 and 0.07, indicating small effect sizes. Conclusion: These findings provide support for the presence of some direct and indirect pathways from social capital to moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Future intervention strategies should focus on strengthening physical activity motivation by encouraging the development of social network and social participation as well as family, neighborhood and school social capital within the framework of the ecological model.

Keywords: moderate-to-vigorous physical activity; social capital; physical activity motivation; neighborhood safety (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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