Exercise, Immune System, Nutrition, Respiratory and Cardiovascular Diseases during COVID-19: A Complex Combination

Olga Scudiero, Barbara Lombardo, Mariarita Brancaccio, Cristina Mennitti, Arturo Cesaro, Fabio Fimiani, Luca Gentile, Elisabetta Moscarella, Federica Amodio, Annaluisa Ranieri, Felice Gragnano, Sonia Laneri, Cristina Mazzaccara, Pierpaolo Di Micco, Martina Caiazza, Giovanni D’Alicandro, Giuseppe Limongelli, Paolo Calabrò, Raffaela Pero and Giulia Frisso
Additional contact information
Olga Scudiero: Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
Barbara Lombardo: Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
Mariarita Brancaccio: Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Naples, Italy
Cristina Mennitti: Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
Arturo Cesaro: Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy
Fabio Fimiani: Unit of Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale AORN Dei Colli, “V.Monaldi”, 80122 Naples, Italy
Luca Gentile: Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate S. C. a R. L., 80131 Naples, Italy
Elisabetta Moscarella: Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy
Federica Amodio: Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy
Annaluisa Ranieri: Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate S. C. a R. L., 80131 Naples, Italy
Felice Gragnano: Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy
Sonia Laneri: Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II Via Montesano, 80131 Naples, Italy
Cristina Mazzaccara: Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
Pierpaolo Di Micco: Department of Internal Medicine and Emergency Room, Ospedale Buon Consiglio Fatebenefratelli, 80123 Naples, Italy
Martina Caiazza: Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Monaldi Hospital, 81100 Naples, Italy
Giovanni D’Alicandro: Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Center of Sports Medicine and Disability, AORN, Santobono-Pausillipon, 80122 Naples, Italy
Giuseppe Limongelli: Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy
Paolo Calabrò: Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy
Raffaela Pero: Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
Giulia Frisso: Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 3, 1-20

Abstract: Coronaviruses (CoVs) represent a large family of RNA viruses that can infect different living species, posing a global threat to human health. CoVs can evade the immune response, replicate within the host, and cause a rapid immune compromise culminating in severe acute respiratory syndrome. In humans, the immune system functions are influenced by physical activity, nutrition, and the absence of respiratory or cardiovascular diseases. This review provides an in-depth study between the interactions of the immune system and coronaviruses in the host to defend against CoVs disease.

Keywords: coronavirus; physical exercise; immune system; nutrition; respiratory infection; cardiovascular disorders (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (4)

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/3/904/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/3/904/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:3:p:904-:d:484295

Access Statistics for this article

IJERPH is currently edited by Ms. Jenna Liu

More articles in IJERPH from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().