The Prevalence of Insulin Resistance and the Associated Risk Factors in a Sample of 14–18-Year-Old Slovak Adolescents

Jana Jurkovičová, Katarína Hirošová, Diana Vondrová, Martin Samohýl, Zuzana Štefániková, Alexandra Filová, Ivana Kachútová, Jana Babjaková and Ľubica Argalášová
Additional contact information
Jana Jurkovičová: Institute of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Spitalska 24, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia
Katarína Hirošová: Institute of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Spitalska 24, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia
Diana Vondrová: Institute of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Spitalska 24, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia
Martin Samohýl: Institute of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Spitalska 24, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia
Zuzana Štefániková: Institute of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Spitalska 24, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia
Alexandra Filová: Institute of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Spitalska 24, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia
Ivana Kachútová: Institute of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Spitalska 24, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia
Jana Babjaková: Institute of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Spitalska 24, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia
Ľubica Argalášová: Institute of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Spitalska 24, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 3, 1-19

Abstract: The prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors has increased in Slovakian adolescents as a result of serious lifestyle changes. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of insulin resistance (IR) and the associations with cardiometabolic and selected lifestyle risk factors in a sample of Slovak adolescents. In total, 2629 adolescents (45.8% males) aged between 14 and 18 years were examined in the study. Anthropometric parameters, blood pressure (BP), and resting heart rate were measured; fasting venous blood samples were analyzed; and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)-insulin resistance (IR) was calculated. For statistical data processing, the methods of descriptive and analytical statistics for normal and skewed distribution of variables were used. The mean HOMA-IR was 2.45 ± 1.91, without a significant sex differences. IR (cut-off point for HOMA-IR = 3.16) was detected in 18.6% of adolescents (19.8% males, 17.6% females). IR was strongly associated with overweight/obesity (especially central) and with almost all monitored cardiometabolic factors, except for total cholesterol (TC) and systolic BP in females. The multivariate model selected variables such as low level of physical fitness, insufficient physical activity, breakfast skipping, a small number of daily meals, frequent consumption of sweetened beverages, and low educational level of fathers as significant risk factors of IR in adolescents. Recognizing the main lifestyle risk factors and early IR identification is important in terms of the performance of preventive strategies. Weight reduction, regular physical activity, and healthy eating habits can improve insulin sensitivity and decrease the incidence of metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Keywords: adolescents; cardiometabolic risk factors; insulin resistance; abdominal obesity; lifestyle; dietary habits (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/3/909/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/3/909/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:3:p:909-:d:484465

Access Statistics for this article

IJERPH is currently edited by Ms. Jenna Liu

More articles in IJERPH from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().