Effect of Carbohydrate-Electrolyte Solution Including Bicarbonate Ion Ad Libitum Ingestion on Urine Bicarbonate Retention during Mountain Trekking: A Randomized, Controlled Pilot Study

Masahiro Horiuchi, Tatsuya Hasegawa and Hiroshi Nose
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Masahiro Horiuchi: Division of Human Environmental Science, Mount Fuji Research Institute, Yamanashi 4030005, Japan
Tatsuya Hasegawa: Division of Human Environmental Science, Mount Fuji Research Institute, Yamanashi 4030005, Japan
Hiroshi Nose: Department of Sports Medical Sciences, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto 3908621, Japan

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 4, 1-12

Abstract: We investigated whether bicarbonate ion (HCO 3 ? ) in a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution (CE+HCO 3 ) ingested during climbing to 3000 m on Mount Fuji could increase urine HCO 3 ? retention. This study was a randomized, controlled pilot study. Sixteen healthy lowlander adults were divided into two groups (six males and two females for each): a tap water (TW) group (0 kcal with no energy) and a CE+HCO3 group. The allocation to TW or CE+HCO3 was double blind. The CE solution contains 10 kcal energy, including Na + (115 mg), K + (78 mg), HCO 3 ? (51 mg) per 100 mL. After collecting baseline urine and measuring body weight, participants started climbing while energy expenditure (EE) and heart rate (HR) were recorded every min with a portable calorimeter. After reaching a hut at approximately 3000 m, we collected urine and measured body weight again. The HCO 3 ? balance during climbing, measured by subtracting the amount of urine excreted from the amount of fluid ingested, was ?0.37 ± 0.77 mmol in the CE+HCO3, which was significantly higher than in the TW (?2.23 ± 0.96 mmol, p < 0.001). These results indicate that CE containing HCO 3 ? supplementation may increase the bicarbonate buffering system during mountain trekking up to ~3000 m, suggesting a useful solution, at least, in the population of the present study on Mount Fuji.

Keywords: acute mountain sickness; arterial hypoxemia; bicarbonate buffering system; dehydration; heart rate; O 2 pulse (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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