“Tell Me How Much Your Friends Consume”—Personal, Behavioral, Social, and Attitudinal Factors Associated with Alcohol and Cannabis Use among European School Students

Stefanie M. Helmer, Gregor Burkhart, João Matias, Christoph Buck, Feline Engling Cardoso and Julian Vicente
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Stefanie M. Helmer: Institute for Health and Nursing Science, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany
Gregor Burkhart: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, 1249-289 Lisbon, Portugal
João Matias: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, 1249-289 Lisbon, Portugal
Christoph Buck: Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology—BIPS, 28359 Bremen, Germany
Feline Engling Cardoso: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, 1249-289 Lisbon, Portugal
Julian Vicente: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, 1249-289 Lisbon, Portugal

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 4, 1-16

Abstract: Background: Substance use in European adolescents remains a serious health concern. Assessing what affects adolescents’ substance use is crucial for implementing effective prevention. This study aims to examine alcohol and cannabis use-related behavioral, social, and attitudinal variables that might directly be considered to guide prevention responses for adolescents. Methods: Cross-sectional data of 78,554 15–16-year-old school students from the 2011 European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD) from 26 European countries were analyzed. Self-reported drunkenness in the last 30 days and cannabis use in the last 12 months served as dependent variables. To investigate which factors are associated with risky substance use, multivariable logistic regressions were used. Results: 17.7% of respondents reported drunkenness in the last 30 days, and 14.9% used cannabis in the last 12 months. The most important predictor for risky substance use was the perception that most/all of their friends engaged in substance use behavior, followed by lack of parental support, low personal adherence to rules, and low school performance. Conclusion: Interventions addressing the perceived descriptive norms either directly or by changing environmental cues, opportunities, and regulations, as well as effective parenting and academic support may prevent and reduce risky substance use behavior among adolescents.

Keywords: school; risk behavior; drunkenness; alcohol; cannabis use; prevention; descriptive norms (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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