Backstroke to Breaststroke Turning Performance in Age-Group Swimmers: Hydrodynamic Characteristics and Pull-Out Strategy

Phornpot Chainok, Leandro Machado, Karla de Jesus, J. Arturo Abraldes, Márcio Borgonovo-Santos, Ricardo J. Fernandes and João Paulo Vilas-Boas
Additional contact information
Phornpot Chainok: Faculty of Sport Science, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
Leandro Machado: Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D) and Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP-UP), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
Karla de Jesus: Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D) and Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP-UP), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
J. Arturo Abraldes: Faculty of Sport Science, University of Murcia, 30720 San Javier, Spain
Márcio Borgonovo-Santos: Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D) and Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP-UP), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
Ricardo J. Fernandes: Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D) and Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP-UP), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
João Paulo Vilas-Boas: Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D) and Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP-UP), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 4, 1-10

Abstract: We compared the hydrodynamic characteristics and pull-out strategies of four backstroke-to-breaststroke turning techniques in young swimmers. Eighteen 11 and 12-year-old swimmers participated in a 4 week intervention program including 16 contextual interference sessions. The hydrodynamic variables were assessed through inverse dynamics, and the pull-out strategy kinematics were assessed with tracking markers followed by 12 land cameras and 11 underwater cameras. Swimmers randomly completed sixteen 30 m maximal backstroke-to breaststroke-open, somersault, bucket and crossover turns (four in each technique) with a 3 min rest. The data showed higher drag force, cross-sectional area and drag coefficient values for the first (compared with the second) gliding position. The crossover turn revealed the highest push-off velocity (2.17 ± 0.05 m·s ?1 ), and the somersault turn demonstrated the lowest foot plant index (0.68 ± 0.03; 68%), which could have affected the first gliding, transition and second gliding depths (0.73 ± 0.13, 0.86 ± 0.17 and 0.76 ± 0.17 m). The data revealed the consistency of the time spent (4.86 ± 0.98 s) and breakout distance (6.04 ± 0.94 m) among the four turning techniques, and no differences were observed between them regarding time and average velocity up to 7.5 m. The hydrodynamic characteristics and pull-out strategy of the backstroke-to-breaststroke turns performed by the age group swimmers were independent of the selected technique.

Keywords: swimming; hydrodynamics; drag; strategy; age group (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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