Objectively Measured Built Environments and Cardiovascular Diseases in Middle-Aged and Older Korean Adults

Eun Young Lee, Jungsoon Choi, Sugie Lee and Bo Youl Choi
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Eun Young Lee: Department of Nursing, Kkottongnae University, Cheongju 28211, Korea
Jungsoon Choi: Department of Mathematics, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
Sugie Lee: Department of Urban Planning and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
Bo Youl Choi: Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 4, 1-17

Abstract: This study assesses the association between the objectively measured built environment and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in 50,741 adults from the Korean Community Health Survey. The CVD outcomes of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, stroke, and myocardial infarction (MI) or angina were derived from self-reported histories of physician diagnoses. Using ArcGIS software and Korean government databases, this study measured the built environment variables for the 546 administrative areas of Gyeonggi province. A Bayesian spatial multilevel model was performed independently in two age groups (i.e., 40–59 years or ≥60 years). After adjusting for statistical significant individual- and community-level factors with the spatial associations, living far from public transit was associated with an increase in the odds of MI or angina in middle-aged adults, while living in neighborhoods in which fast-food restaurants were concentrated was associated with a decrease in the odds of hypertension and stroke. For adults 60 or older, living farther from public physical-activity (PA) facilities was associated with a 15% increased odds for dyslipidemia, compared with living in neighborhoods nearer to PA facilities. These findings suggest that creating a built environment that provides more opportunities to engage in PA in everyday life should be considered a strategy to reduce the prevalence of CVD.

Keywords: built environment; cardiovascular diseases; hypertension; diabetes; dyslipidemia; stroke; myocardial infarction; angina; middle-aged and older adults; Korea (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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