The Validation of Direct and Meta Versions of the Coach–Athlete Relationship Questionnaire (ArCART-Q) in the Arabic Language: Their Relationship to Athlete’s Satisfaction with Individual Performance

Hasan Ahmad, Elif Nilay Ada, Sophia Jowett, Kholoud Alabduljader and Zişan Kazak
Additional contact information
Hasan Ahmad: The College of Basic Education, The Public Authority for Applied Education and Training, Al Adiliya Area, Kuwait City 13092, Kuwait
Elif Nilay Ada: Faculty of Sport Sciences, Mersin University, Mersin 33343, Turkey
Sophia Jowett: School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TT, UK
Kholoud Alabduljader: The College of Basic Education, The Public Authority for Applied Education and Training, Al Adiliya Area, Kuwait City 13092, Kuwait
Zişan Kazak: Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35040, Turkey

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 4, 1-14

Abstract: Background : The first aim of this study is to achieve validation of the direct and meta-perspective versions of the Coach–Athlete Relationship Questionnaire in the Arabic language, and the second aim of this study is to determine the quality of the coach-athlete relationship to athlete’ satisfaction with individual performance according to sport participation type, sport duration, and sport achievement. Methods : A total of 259 athletes with a mean age of 22 years were recruited from various athletic clubs in Kuwait. Participants completed The Coach–Athlete Relationship Questionnaire and The Athlete Satisfaction Questionnaire. For this study, the factorial structure of the Arabic version of the Coach–Athlete Relationship Questionnaire (CART-Q) was used in Kuwait and was prepared with both direct and meta perspectives. Results : The results of this study show evidence of the validity of the direct and meta-perspective Arabic versions of the CART-Q. The fit indices of the data collected by direct-method were as follows (x 2 /df = 2.21; RMSEA = 0.06; CFI = 0.98; GFI = 0.95; AGFI = 0.91); data for the meta-method were as follows (x 2 /df = 2.32; RMSEA = 0.08; CFI = 0.99; GFI = 0.93; AGFI = 0.87). Female participants have obtained higher means than males from all questionnaires. Conclusions : The results of the present study could help coaches and athletes from the Middle East to understand the reasons and methods that lead to a quality coach–athlete relationship.

Keywords: coach–athlete relationship; validation; satisfaction (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/4/1998/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/4/1998/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:4:p:1998-:d:501765

Access Statistics for this article

IJERPH is currently edited by Ms. Jenna Liu

More articles in IJERPH from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().