Amelioration of Metal-Induced Cellular Stress by ?-Lipoic Acid and Dihydrolipoic Acid through Antioxidative Effects in PC12 Cells and Caco-2 Cells

Kaniz Fatima Binte Hossain, Mahmuda Akter, Md. Mostafizur Rahman, Md. Tajuddin Sikder, Md. Shiblur Rahaman, Shojiro Yamasaki, Goh Kimura, Tomomi Tomihara, Masaaki Kurasaki and Takeshi Saito
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Kaniz Fatima Binte Hossain: Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
Mahmuda Akter: Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
Md. Mostafizur Rahman: Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Savar 1342, Bangladesh
Md. Tajuddin Sikder: Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar 1342, Bangladesh
Md. Shiblur Rahaman: Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
Shojiro Yamasaki: Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
Goh Kimura: Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
Tomomi Tomihara: Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
Masaaki Kurasaki: Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
Takeshi Saito: Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 4, 1-15

Abstract: ?-Lipoic acid (ALA) and its reduced form dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) are endogenous dithiol compounds with significant antioxidant properties, both of which have the potential to detoxify cells. In this study, ALA (250 ?M) and DHLA (50 ?M) were applied to reduce metal (As, Cd, and Pb)-induced toxicity in PC12 and Caco-2 cells as simultaneous exposure. Both significantly decreased Cd (5 ?M)-, As (5 ?M)-, and Pb (5 ?M)-induced cell death. Subsequently, both ALA and DHLA restored cell membrane integrity and intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels, which were affected by metal-induced toxicity. In addition, DHLA protected PC12 cells from metal-induced DNA damage upon co-exposure to metals. Furthermore, ALA and DHLA upregulated the expression of survival-related proteins mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin), Akt (protein kinase B), and Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) in PC12 cells, which were previously downregulated by metal exposure. In contrast, in Caco-2 cells, upon co-exposure to metals and ALA, Nrf2 was upregulated and cleaved PARP-1 (poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1) was downregulated. These findings suggest that ALA and DHLA can counterbalance the toxic effects of metals. The protection of ALA or DHLA against metal toxicity may be largely due to an enhancement of antioxidant defense along with reduced glutathione level, which ultimately reduces the cellular oxidative stress.

Keywords: glutathione; oxidative stress; reactive oxygen species (ROS); Nrf2; cleaved PARP-1; Akt (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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