Cluster Analysis of the Combined Association of Sleep and Physical Activity with Healthy Behavior and Psychological Health in Pregnant Women

Hyejung Lee, Ki-Eun Kim, Mi-Young Kim and Chang Gi Park
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Hyejung Lee: Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Nursing, Seoul 03722, Korea
Ki-Eun Kim: College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
Mi-Young Kim: College of Nursing, Woosuk University, Jeollabuk-do 55338, Korea
Chang Gi Park: College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 4, 1-10

Abstract: The purposes of the study were to (1) identify clusters based on patterns of sleep quality and duration and physical activity levels of healthy Korean pregnant women, and (2) subsequently investigate the association of identified clusters with pre-pregnancy healthy behaviors, depressive symptoms, and pregnancy stress. Two hundred eighty-four pregnant women participated in the study while attending a prenatal education program provided by a tertiary hospital in Seoul, Korea. The survey questionnaire consisted of the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale. We used the Latent GOLD to identify distinct clusters and the chi-square test and ANOVA to compare clusters. We identified three clusters: ‘good sleeper’ (63.4%), ‘poor sleeper’ (24.6%), and ‘low activity’ (12.0%). Women in the good-sleeper cluster were more likely to have higher education and income levels and reported more healthy behaviors before pregnancy. Poor-sleeper and low-activity clusters were more likely to report higher scores in depressive symptoms and pregnancy stress ( p < 0.001 and p = 0.005, respectively). Tailored intervention for pregnant women who are physically inactive or sleep poorly may promote their psychological well-being as well as bringing good obstetric outcomes.

Keywords: sleep quality; physical activity; pregnancy; depression; cluster analysis; Korea (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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