Late Menarche, Not Reproductive Period, Is Associated with Poor Cognitive Function in Postmenopausal Women in Taiwan

Hung-Tse Chou, Pei-Yu Wu, Jiun-Chi Huang, Szu-Chia Chen and Wan-Yi Ho
Additional contact information
Hung-Tse Chou: Department of General Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
Pei-Yu Wu: Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan
Jiun-Chi Huang: Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan
Szu-Chia Chen: Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan
Wan-Yi Ho: Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 5, 1-11

Abstract: Female sex hormones such as estrogen and progesterone play an important role in the regulation of a woman’s body, including cognition and neurogenesis. However, the effects of age at menarche and reproductive period on cognitive function are still controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between age at menarche and reproductive period with cognitive impairment. Data were obtained from the Taiwan Biobank. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and its five subdomains. Multivariable linear regression analysis revealed that an old age at menarche (per one year; coefficient ?, ?0.189; p = 0.020) was significantly associated with a low total MMSE score, whereas reproductive period ( p = 0.733) was not significantly associated with total MMSE score. Furthermore, an old age at menarche was significantly associated with low MMSE G2 (registration) (per one year; coefficient ?, ?0.022; p = 0.035) and G5 (language, construction and obey) scores (per one year; coefficient ?, ?0.054; p = 0.047). However, age at menarche was not significantly associated with MMSE G1 (orientation), G3 (attention and calculation) and G4 (recall) scores. In addition, reproductive period was not significantly associated with any MMSE subscores. Late menarche was associated with poor cognitive function, including low total MMSE score and low MMSE G2 and G5 scores. However, reproductive period was not associated with cognitive function in postmenopausal women.

Keywords: menarche age; reproductive period; cognitive decline; mini mental state exam and subdomains (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/5/2345/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/5/2345/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:5:p:2345-:d:507318

Access Statistics for this article

IJERPH is currently edited by Ms. Jenna Liu

More articles in IJERPH from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().