Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown on Adherence to Individual Home- or Gym-Based Exercise Training among Women with Postmenopausal Osteoporosis

Erika Pinelli, Giuseppe Barone, Sofia Marini, Francesco Benvenuti, Marie H. Murphy, Mikko Julin, Wolfgang Kemmler, Simon Von Stengel, Stefano Di Paolo, Laura Dallolio, Pasqualino Maietta Latessa, Raffaele Zinno and Laura Bragonzoni
Additional contact information
Erika Pinelli: Department for Life Quality Studies, Campus of Rimini, University of Bologna, Corso d’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
Giuseppe Barone: Department for Life Quality Studies, Campus of Rimini, University of Bologna, Corso d’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
Sofia Marini: Department for Life Quality Studies, Campus of Rimini, University of Bologna, Corso d’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
Francesco Benvenuti: Department for Life Quality Studies, Campus of Rimini, University of Bologna, Corso d’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
Marie H. Murphy: Centre for Exercise Medicine Physical Activity and Health, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, Co Antrim BT37 0QB, UK
Mikko Julin: Department of Physiotherapy, Laurea University of Applied Sciences, 02650 Espoo, Finland
Wolfgang Kemmler: Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
Simon Von Stengel: Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
Stefano Di Paolo: Department for Life Quality Studies, Campus of Rimini, University of Bologna, Corso d’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
Laura Dallolio: Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy
Pasqualino Maietta Latessa: Department for Life Quality Studies, Campus of Rimini, University of Bologna, Corso d’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
Raffaele Zinno: Department for Life Quality Studies, Campus of Rimini, University of Bologna, Corso d’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
Laura Bragonzoni: Department for Life Quality Studies, Campus of Rimini, University of Bologna, Corso d’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 5, 1-8

Abstract: Adherence is important for an exercise program’s efficacy. This study aims at investigating whether the COVID-19 lockdown had different consequences on the adherence to an exercise program specifically designed for women with postmenopausal osteoporosis when administered as individual home training (IHT) or gym group training (GGT). At the start of the lockdown, which imposed the temporary closure of any gym activities, GGT participants were invited to continue to exercise at home. IHT participants continued to exercise at home as usual. Adherence was recorded via logs and measured as the percentage of exercise sessions actually performed out of the total number of scheduled sessions in three 1-month periods: one before (PRE) and two after (M1 and M2) the beginning of lockdown. Before lockdown, IHT (66.8% ± 26.6) and GGT (76.3% ± 26.6) adherence were similar. During lockdown, IHT participation increased (M1: 81.5% ± 31.0; M2: 88.0% ± 28.3), while that of GGT showed no statistical differences (M1: 79.4% ± 34.2; M2: 80.6% ± 36.4). Exercise protocols based on supervised gym practice must consider the possibility of disruptive events, which could cause a sudden interruption of gym activity and include educational initiatives to instruct participants to exercise effectively and safely without a trainer’s direct supervision.

Keywords: COVID-19; adherence; physical activity; exercise; postmenopausal osteoporosis (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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