Test–Retest Reliability of an iPhone ® Inclinometer Application to Assess the Lumbar Joint Repositioning Error in Non-Specific Chronic Low Back Pain

Alejandro Caña-Pino, Luís Espejo-Antúnez, José Carmelo Adsuar and María Dolores Apolo-Arenas
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Alejandro Caña-Pino: Department of Medical Surgical-Therapy, Medicine Faculty, Extremadura University, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
Luís Espejo-Antúnez: Department of Medical Surgical-Therapy, Medicine Faculty, Extremadura University, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
José Carmelo Adsuar: Promoting a Healthy Society Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
María Dolores Apolo-Arenas: Department of Medical Surgical-Therapy, Medicine Faculty, Extremadura University, 06006 Badajoz, Spain

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 5, 1-11

Abstract: Background: The joint position sense (JPS) has been used as an indirect marker of proprioception in subjects with non-specific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP), showing impairment in previous studies. It seems necessary to devise reliable tests to measure proprioceptive deficits in subjects with NSLBP. The objective of this study was to analyse the test–retest reliability and smallest real difference (SRD) of lumbar proprioception through the JPS indicator in a sample of patients with NSCLBP. Methods: Fifty participants with NSCLBP performed three repetitions of 30° lumbar flexion while standing and sitting using the iPhone ® inclinometer application to measure the lumbar joint repositioning error. For the reliability analysis, we performed an intra-session test–retest. Results : The total sample ICC values were excellent for standing (0.96) and sitting (0.93) 30° lumbar flexion. In addition, our results showed that, for the total sample, an SRD < 12% can be considered as a true change in proprioception concerning this procedure. On the other hand, men have better reliability than women in both standing and sitting positions. Additionally, the sitting position has better reliability than the standing position. The standard error of measurement (SEM) percentage was 4.2 for standing and 3.8 for sitting. The SRD percentage was 11.6 for standing and 10.4 for sitting. Conclusions: The iPhone ® inclinometer seems reliable for assessing proprioceptive ability through the lumbar joint repositioning error in subjects with NSCLBP in both standing (ICC = 0.96) and sitting (ICC = 0.93) positions. This technological device showed a lower measurement error for sitting position (SRD < 12%).

Keywords: non-specific low back pain; proprioception; joint position sense; reliability; smart phone (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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