Trace Element Analysis in Whole Blood and Plasma for Reference Levels in a Selected Queensland Population, Australia

Tatiana Komarova, Daniel McKeating, Anthony V. Perkins and Ujang Tinggi
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Tatiana Komarova: Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia
Daniel McKeating: School of Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Parklands Drive, Southport, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
Anthony V. Perkins: School of Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Parklands Drive, Southport, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
Ujang Tinggi: Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 5, 1-15

Abstract: The levels of trace elements in whole blood and plasma have been widely used for assessing nutritional status and monitoring exposure and can vary widely in populations from different geographical regions. In this study, whole blood samples ( n = 120) and plasma samples ( n = 120) were obtained from healthy donors attending the Red Cross Blood Bank (Queensland Red Cross Blood Service), which provided information for age and sex. There were 71 males (age range: 19–73 years) and 49 females (age range: 18–72 years) for whole blood samples, and 59 males (age range: 19–81 years) and 61 females (age range: 19–73 years) for plasma samples. The main aim of the study was to provide information on blood reference levels of 21 trace elements (Ag, Al, As, Bi, Br, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, I, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Tl, U, V, Zn) in Queensland. The study also aimed to assess differences in trace element blood levels between males and females and the effect of age. The trace element levels in blood samples were analysed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and the standard reference materials of Seronorm (Trace Elements Whole Blood) and UTAK (Trace Elements Serum) were used for quality control and assurance. The study found wide variations of trace element levels in whole blood and plasma, and generally the levels were comparable to other countries. No detectable levels were found for Bi, Cr, U and V in whole blood, but V levels were found in plasma samples. There were significant differences between males and females for whole blood Cu ( p < 0.001), I ( p = 0.009), Tl ( p = 0.016) and Zn ( p = 0.016). Significant differences were also found for plasma Cu ( p < 0.001) and Se ( p = 0.003) between males and females. There were trends of increased levels of blood Pb, Se and Zn with age. The study has provided further information on a wide range of trace elements in blood as reference levels for Queensland and Australia which are currently lacking.

Keywords: trace elements; reference range values; whole blood; plasma; serum; age group (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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