Prenatal Exposure to Parabens Affects Birth Outcomes through Maternal Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) Polymorphisms: From the Mothers and Kids Environmental Health (MAKE) Study

Bohye Shin, Jeoung A. Kwon, Eun Kyo Park, Sora Kang, Seyoung Kim, Eunyoung Park and Byungmi Kim
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Bohye Shin: Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
Jeoung A. Kwon: Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
Eun Kyo Park: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Institute, Seoul 07804, Korea
Sora Kang: Department of Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
Seyoung Kim: Division of Cancer Prevention and Early Detection, National Cancer Control Institute, Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
Eunyoung Park: Division of Cancer Prevention and Early Detection, National Cancer Control Institute, Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
Byungmi Kim: Division of Cancer Prevention and Early Detection, National Cancer Control Institute, Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 6, 1-11

Abstract: Introduction: Human exposure to parabens is very common in daily life, and prenatal exposure to these chemicals is associated with poor birth outcomes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of glutathione S-transferase (GST) polymorphisms on the association between prenatal exposure to parabens and birth outcomes. Methods: We conducted a multivariate analysis involving 177 subjects to determine the association between paraben concentrations and birth outcomes in mothers with GST mu 1 (GSTM1) and GST theta 1 (GSTT1) polymorphisms from 2017 to 2019. Furthermore, we determined the interactive effect between paraben levels and GSTM1/GSTT1 polymorphisms using regression analysis, in addition to a generalized linear model after stratifying GSTM1/GSTT1 genotype into three categories. Results: Methyl and propyl paraben concentrations were significantly and positively associated with birth weight (methyl, ? = 116.525, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 22.460–210.590; propyl, ? = 82.352, 95% CI = 9.147–155.557) in individuals with the GSTM1-null genotype. Moreover, the propyl paraben concentration was significantly associated with an increase in gestational age (? = 0.312, 95% CI = 0.085–0.539) in individuals with the GSTM1-null genotype. Conclusions: This study reported the association between prenatal paraben exposure and birth outcomes in individuals with GST polymorphisms. We found positive relationships of maternal exposure to methyl parabens with birth weight in both mothers with GSTM1 and GSTT1-null genotypes.

Keywords: birth weight; GSTM1; GSTT1; parabens; polymorphism (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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