Control Deficits, Conditioning Factors, and Playing through Pain and Injury among Iranian Professional Soccer Players

Saeed Kabiri, Jaeyong Choi, Seyyedeh Masoomeh (Shamila) Shadmanfaat and Julak Lee
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Saeed Kabiri: Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar 4741613534, Iran
Jaeyong Choi: Department of Security Studies and Criminal Justice, Angelo State University, San Angelo, TX 76901, USA
Seyyedeh Masoomeh (Shamila) Shadmanfaat: Department of Literature and Humanities, University of Guilan, Rasht 4199613776, Iran
Julak Lee: Department of Industrial Security, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 7, 1-17

Abstract: Playing through pain and injury is a common and accepted behavior in the athletic realm. The purpose of this research was to apply Tittle’s control balance theory to explain why athletes engage in playing through pain and injury despite its risky nature. We hypothesized that playing through pain and injury is a form of submission described by Tittle and that it can be predicted by the concept of control deficit. To this end, we collected and used data from a sample of 410 professional soccer players from Guilan province, Iran, and tested several propositions derived from control balance theory. Hierarchical linear regression was used to analyze the data. The study findings demonstrate that players with more control deficits are more likely to play through pain and injury. This relationship is conditioned by self-control, opportunity, motivation, perceived benefits, and provocations. For example, the relationship between control deficit and playing through pain and injury is stronger for those with lower self-control. Our findings support the utility of control balance theory in explaining an act of submission (i.e., playing through pain and injury).

Keywords: control balance theory; playing through pain and injury; professional athletes (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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