Influence of ACE Gene I/D Polymorphism on Cardiometabolic Risk, Maximal Fat Oxidation, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Diet and Physical Activity in Young Adults

Adrián Montes- de-Oca-García, Alejandro Perez-Bey, Daniel Velázquez-Díaz, Juan Corral-Pérez, Edgardo Opazo-Díaz, María Rebollo-Ramos, Félix Gómez-Gallego, Magdalena Cuenca-García, Cristina Casals and Jesús G. Ponce-González
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Adrián Montes- de-Oca-García: MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain
Alejandro Perez-Bey: Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Hospital Uniersitario Puerta del Mar, Universidad de Cádiz, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
Daniel Velázquez-Díaz: MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain
Juan Corral-Pérez: MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain
Edgardo Opazo-Díaz: MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain
María Rebollo-Ramos: MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain
Félix Gómez-Gallego: Faculty of Health Sciences, International University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
Magdalena Cuenca-García: Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Hospital Uniersitario Puerta del Mar, Universidad de Cádiz, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
Cristina Casals: MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain
Jesús G. Ponce-González: MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 7, 1-12

Abstract: There is controversy about the relationship between ACE I/D polymorphism and health. Seventy-four healthy adults ( n = 28 women; 22.5 ± 4.2 years) participated in this cross-sectional study aimed at determining the influence of ACE I/D polymorphism, ascertained by polymerase chain reaction, on cardiometabolic risk (i.e., waist circumference, body fat, blood pressure (BP), glucose, triglycerides, and inflammatory markers), maximal fat oxidation (MFO), cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal oxygen uptake), physical activity and diet. Our results showed differences by ACE I/D polymorphism in systolic BP (DD: 116.4 ± 11.8 mmHg; ID: 116.7 ± 6.3 mmHg; II: 109.4 ± 12.3 mmHg, p = 0.035) and body fat (DD: 27.3 ± 10.8%; ID: 22.6 ± 9.7%; II: 19.3 ± 7.1%, p = 0.030). Interestingly, a genotype*sex interaction in relativized MFO by lean mass ( p = 0.048) was found. The DD polymorphism had higher MFO values than ID/II polymorphisms in men (8.4 ± 3.0 vs. 6.5 ± 2.9 mg/kg/min), while the ID/II polymorphisms showed higher R-MFO values than DD polymorphism in women (6.6 ± 2.3 vs. 7.6 ± 2.6 mg/kg/min). In conclusion, ACE I/D polymorphism is apparently associated with adiposity and BP, where a protective effect can be attributed to the II genotype, but not with cardiorespiratory fitness, diet and physical activity. Moreover, our study highlighted that there is a sexual dimorphism in the influence of ACE I/D gene polymorphism on MFO.

Keywords: genetic association studies; heart diseases; lipid metabolism; healthy lifestyle; angiotensin-converting enzyme; obesity (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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