Effects of Exercise on the Oral Microbiota and Saliva of Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Fumihiko Uchida, Sechang Oh, Takashi Shida, Hideo Suzuki, Kenji Yamagata, Yuji Mizokami, Hiroki Bukawa, Kiyoji Tanaka and Junichi Shoda
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Fumihiko Uchida: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8576, Japan
Sechang Oh: Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
Takashi Shida: Department of Medical Technology and Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Chiba 286-8686, Japan
Hideo Suzuki: Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
Kenji Yamagata: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
Yuji Mizokami: Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
Hiroki Bukawa: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
Kiyoji Tanaka: Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
Junichi Shoda: Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 7, 1-12

Abstract: Exercise can be hypothesized to play an important role in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) treatment by changing the oral bacterial flora and in the mechanism underlying periodontal disease. We performed salivary component analysis before and after an exercise regimen, and genome analysis of the oral bacterial flora to elucidate the underlying mechanism. Obese middle-aged men with NAFLD and periodontal disease were allocated to 12-week exercise ( n = 49) or dietary restriction ( n = 21) groups. We collected saliva to compare the oral microflora; performed predictive analysis of metagenomic functions; and, measured the salivary immunoglobulin A, cytokine, bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and lactoferrin concentrations. The exercise group showed improvements in the clinical indices of oral environment. Salivary component analysis revealed significant reductions in LPS, and lactoferrin during the exercise regimen. Diversity analysis of oral bacterial flora revealed higher alpha- and beta-diversity after the exercise regimen. Analysis of the microbial composition revealed that the numbers of Campylobacter (+83.9%), Corynebacterium (+142.3%), Actinomyces (+75.9%), and Lautropia (+172.9%) were significantly higher, and that of Prevotella (?28.3%) was significantly lower. The findings suggest that an exercise regimen improves the oral environment of NAFLD patients by increasing the diversity of the oral microflora and reducing the number of periodontal bacteria that produce LPS and its capability.

Keywords: periodontal disease; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; exercise; clinical trial; oral microbiota; saliva components (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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