Sleep and Awakening Quality during COVID-19 Confinement: Complexity and Relevance for Health and Behavior

Teresa Paiva, Cátia Reis, Amélia Feliciano, Hugo Canas-Simião, Maria Augusta Machado, Tânia Gaspar, Gina Tomé, Cátia Branquinho, Maria Raquel Silva, Lúcia Ramiro, Susana Gaspar, Carla Bentes, Francisco Sampaio, Lara Pinho, Conceição Pereira, Alexandra Carreiro, Susana Moreira, Isabel Luzeiro, Joana Pimentel, Gabriela Videira, Júlio Fonseca, Ana Bernarda, Joana Vaz Castro, Sofia Rebocho, Katie Almondes, Helena Canhão and Margarida Gaspar Matos
Additional contact information
Teresa Paiva: Sleep Medicine Center—CENC, 1070-068 Lisbon, Portugal
Cátia Reis: Sleep Medicine Center—CENC, 1070-068 Lisbon, Portugal
Amélia Feliciano: Sleep Medicine Center—CENC, 1070-068 Lisbon, Portugal
Hugo Canas-Simião: Sleep Medicine Center—CENC, 1070-068 Lisbon, Portugal
Maria Augusta Machado: Departamento de Medicina, Serviço de Pneumologia, Centro Hospitalar Póvoa de Varzim/Vila do Conde, 4490-421 Póvoa do Varzim, Portugal
Tânia Gaspar: Sleep Medicine Center—CENC, 1070-068 Lisbon, Portugal
Gina Tomé: Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-026 Lisbon, Portugal
Cátia Branquinho: Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-026 Lisbon, Portugal
Maria Raquel Silva: Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), Nova Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
Lúcia Ramiro: Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-026 Lisbon, Portugal
Susana Gaspar: Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-026 Lisbon, Portugal
Carla Bentes: Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (IMM), 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
Francisco Sampaio: Faculty of Health Sciences/Higher School of Health, University Fernando Pessoa/Fundação Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
Lara Pinho: Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), Nova Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
Conceição Pereira: Instituto de Sono e Medicina Dentária (ISMD), 9000-098 Funchal, Portugal
Alexandra Carreiro: Unidade do Sono, Hospital do Divino Espírito Santo de Ponta Delgada, 9500-370 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
Susana Moreira: Pneumologia, Hospital dos Lusíadas, 1500-458 Lisbon, Portugal
Isabel Luzeiro: Centro Medicina Sono e Serviço Neurologia e Neurofisiologia, Hospital CUF Coimbra, 3000-600 Coimbra, Portugal
Joana Pimentel: Sleep Medicine Center—CENC, 1070-068 Lisbon, Portugal
Gabriela Videira: Neurology and Dental Medicine, Hospital da Luz, 1500-065 Lisbon, Portugal
Júlio Fonseca: Orisclinic—Centro Integrado de Medicina Dentária de Coimbra, 3030 Coimbra, Portugal
Ana Bernarda: Linde Saúde—Homecare, Linde Saúde, 1800-217 Lisbon, Portugal
Joana Vaz Castro: Sleep Medicine Center—CENC, 1070-068 Lisbon, Portugal
Sofia Rebocho: Sleep Medicine Center—CENC, 1070-068 Lisbon, Portugal
Katie Almondes: UFRN—AMBSONO Sleep Clinic, Department Psychology, Federal University Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59030-180, Brazil
Helena Canhão: Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), Nova Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
Margarida Gaspar Matos: Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-026 Lisbon, Portugal

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 7, 1-17

Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate sleep and awakening quality (SQ and AQ) during COVID-19 in a large and diversified population in order to identify significant associations and risks in terms of demography, health and health-related behaviors, sleep variables, mental health, and attitudes. Methods/Results:Online surveys were used for data collection, received from 5479 individuals from the general population, sleep disorder patients, and COVID-involved (medical doctors (MDs) and nurses) and COVID-affected professionals (teachers, psychologists, and dentists). SQ and AQ were worse in adults, females, and high-education subjects. Feeling worse, having economic problems, depression, anxiety, irritability, and a high Calamity Experience Check List (CECL) score during COVID were significantly associated with poor SQ and AQ. Shorter sleep duration, increased latency, poor nutrition, low physical activity, increased mobile and social network use, more negative and less positive attitudes and behaviors were associated with poor AQ. Conclusions: The SQ logistic regression showed gender, morbidities, CECL, and awakenings as relevant, whereas, for AQ, relevant variables further included age and physical activity. Aiming to have a high stress compliance, each individual should sleep well, have important control of their mood, practice positive behaviors while dismissing negative behaviors and attitudes, practice exercise, have adequate nutrition, and beware of technologies and dependences.

Keywords: health; COVID-19; sleep/awakening quality; Calamity Experience Check List; mood; attitudes; health-related behaviors; dependences; health professionals; sleep patients (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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