Self-Care in Pediatric Patients with Chronic Conditions: A Systematic Review of Theoretical Models

Immacolata Dall’Oglio, Giulia Gasperini, Claudia Carlin, Valentina Biagioli, Orsola Gawronski, Giuseppina Spitaletta, Teresa Grimaldi Capitello, Michele Salata, Valentina Vanzi, Gennaro Rocco, Emanuela Tiozzo, Ercole Vellone and Massimiliano Raponi
Additional contact information
Immacolata Dall’Oglio: Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
Giulia Gasperini: Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
Claudia Carlin: Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
Valentina Biagioli: Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
Orsola Gawronski: Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
Giuseppina Spitaletta: Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
Teresa Grimaldi Capitello: Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
Michele Salata: Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
Valentina Vanzi: Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
Gennaro Rocco: Centre of Excellence for Nursing Scholarship-Nursing Professional Order of Rome, Viale Giulio Cesare, 78, 00192 Rome, Italy
Emanuela Tiozzo: Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
Ercole Vellone: Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
Massimiliano Raponi: Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 7, 1-24

Abstract: Background: To improve outcomes in children and young adults (CYAs) with chronic conditions, it is important to promote self-care through education and support. Aims: (1) to retrieve the literature describing theories or conceptual models of self-care in CYAs with chronic conditions and (2) to develop a comprehensive framework. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted on nine databases, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. All peer-reviewed papers describing a theory or a conceptual model of self-care in CYAs (0–24 years) with chronic conditions were included. Results: Of 2674 records, 17 met the inclusion criteria. Six papers included a theory or a model of self-care, self-management, or a similar concept. Six papers developed or revised pre-existing models or theories, while five papers did not directly focus on a specific model or a theory. Patients were CYAs, mainly with type 1 diabetes mellitus and asthma. Some relevant findings about self-care in CYAs with neurocognitive impairment and in those living with cancer may have been missed. Conclusions: By aggregating the key elements of the 13 self-care conceptual models identified in the review, we developed a new overarching model emphasizing the shift of self-care agency from family to patients as main actors of their self-management process. The model describes influencing factors, self-care behaviors, and outcomes; the more patients engaged in self-care behaviors, the more the outcomes were favorable.

Keywords: self-care; model; chronic diseases; pediatric; young adults (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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