Running Performance Variability among Runners from Different Brazilian States: A Multilevel Approach

Mabliny Thuany, Thayse Natacha Gomes, Lee Hill, Thomas Rosemann, Beat Knechtle and Marcos B. Almeida
Additional contact information
Mabliny Thuany: Post-Graduation Program of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, 49100-000 Sergipe, Brazil
Thayse Natacha Gomes: Post-Graduation Program of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, 49100-000 Sergipe, Brazil
Lee Hill: Division of Gastroenterology & Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
Thomas Rosemann: Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
Beat Knechtle: Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, Vadianstrasse 26, 9001 St. Gallen, Switzerland
Marcos B. Almeida: Post-Graduation Program of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, 49100-000 Sergipe, Brazil

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 7, 1-12

Abstract: The ecological model theory highlights that human development (or a given behavior) is the result of the interaction of variables derived from different levels, comprising those directly related to the subjects and those related to the environment. Given that, the purpose of this study is to establish whether runners’ performance may vary among different Brazilian states, as the factors associated with this difference. The sample comprised 1151 Brazilian runners (61.8% men) that completed an online questionnaire, providing information about biological (sex, age, height, and weight), training (running pace, frequency and volume/week, and motivation), sociodemographic (place of residence and wage) aspects, and perceptions about the environmental influences on the practice. Information about state variables was obtained from official institutes, and comprised the human development index (HDI), athletics events, and violence index. Multilevel analysis was conducted in HLM software. State-level characteristics explained ?3% of the total variance in running performance. Of the total variance explained for the individual level, 56.4% was associated with male sex (? = ?54.98; p < 0.001), age (? = 1.09; p < 0.001), body mass index (? = 6.86; p < 0.001), economic status (? = 6.23; p = 0.003), the perception of the natural environment (? = 7.58; p = 0.02), training frequency (? = ?16.64; p < 0.001), and weekly volume (? = ?0.30; p < 0.001). At the state level, only athletics events presented a positive and significant influence on performance. There is a significant role of the environment on the explanation of running performance variability, and given the diversity across states, environmental variables should not be neglected, as they are relevant to the exploration of other variables possibly related to running performance.

Keywords: performance; predictors; multilevel modeling (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/7/3781/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/7/3781/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:7:p:3781-:d:530280

Access Statistics for this article

IJERPH is currently edited by Ms. Jenna Liu

More articles in IJERPH from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().