Expression Profile of Stemness Markers CD138, Nestin and Alpha-SMA in Ameloblastic Tumours

Callisthenis Yiannis, Massimo Mascolo, Michele Davide Mignogna, Silvia Varricchio, Valentina Natella, Gaetano De Rosa, Roberto Lo Giudice, Cosimo Galletti, Rita Paolini and Antonio Celentano
Additional contact information
Callisthenis Yiannis: Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carton, VIC 3053, Australia
Massimo Mascolo: Pathology Unit, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
Michele Davide Mignogna: Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University Federico II of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
Silvia Varricchio: Pathology Unit, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
Valentina Natella: Pathology Unit, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
Gaetano De Rosa: Pathology Unit, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
Roberto Lo Giudice: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
Cosimo Galletti: Comprehensive Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitat de Barcelona, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
Rita Paolini: Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carton, VIC 3053, Australia
Antonio Celentano: Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carton, VIC 3053, Australia

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 8, 1-10

Abstract: Ameloblastic carcinoma is a rare malignant odontogenic neoplasm with a poor prognosis. It can arise de novo or from a pre-existing ameloblastoma. Research into stemness marker expression in ameloblastic tumours is lacking. This study aimed to explore the immunohistochemical expression of stemness markers nestin, CD138, and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) for the characterisation of ameloblastic tumours. Six cases of ameloblastoma and four cases of ameloblastic carcinoma were assessed, including one case of ameloblastic carcinoma arising from desmoplastic ameloblastoma. In all tumour samples, CD138 was positive, whilst alpha-SMA was negative. Nestin was negative in all but one tumour sample. Conversely, the presence or absence of these markers varied in stroma samples. Nestin was observed in one ameloblastic carcinoma stroma sample, whilst CD138 was positive in one ameloblastoma case, one desmoplastic ameloblastoma case, and in two ameloblastic carcinoma stroma samples. Finally, alpha-SMA was found positive only in the desmoplastic ameloblastoma stroma sample. Our results suggest nestin expression to be an indicator for ameloblastic carcinoma, and CD138 and alpha-SMA to be promising biomarkers for the malignant transformation of ameloblastoma. Our data showed that nestin, CD138, and alpha-SMA are novel biomarkers for a better understanding of the origins and behaviour of ameloblastic tumours.

Keywords: ameloblastoma; ameloblastic carcinoma; nestin; CD138; syndecan-1; alpha-SMA; stemness markers (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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