Aerobic Continuous and Interval Training under Hypoxia Enhances Endurance Exercise Performance with Hemodynamic and Autonomic Nervous System Function in Amateur Male Swimmers

Sung-Woo Kim, Won-Sang Jung, Jeong-Weon Kim, Sang-Seok Nam and Hun-Young Park
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Sung-Woo Kim: Physical Activity and Performance Institute, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
Won-Sang Jung: Physical Activity and Performance Institute, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
Jeong-Weon Kim: Graduate School of Professional Therapy, Gachon University, 1332 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13306, Korea
Sang-Seok Nam: Taekwondo Research Institute of Kukkiwon, 32 Teheran7gil, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06130, Korea
Hun-Young Park: Physical Activity and Performance Institute, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 8, 1-13

Abstract: Hypoxic training is often performed by competitive swimmers to enhance their performance in normoxia. However, the beneficial effects of aerobic continuous and interval training under hypoxia on hemodynamic function, autonomic nervous system (ANS) function, and endurance exercise performance remain controversial. Here we investigated whether six weeks of aerobic continuous and interval training under hypoxia can improve hematological parameters, hemodynamic function, ANS function, and endurance exercise performance versus normoxia in amateur male swimmers. Twenty amateur male swimmers were equally assigned to the hypoxic training group or normoxic training group and evaluated before and after six weeks of training. Aerobic continuous and interval training in the hypoxia showed a more significantly improved hemodynamic function (heart rate, ?653.4 vs. ?353.7 beats/30 min; oxygen uptake, ?62.45 vs. ?16.22 mL/kg/30 min; stroke volume index, 197.66 vs. 52.32 mL/30 min) during submaximal exercise, ANS function (root mean square of successive differences, 10.15 vs. 3.32 ms; total power, 0.72 vs. 0.20 ms 2 ; low-frequency/high-frequency ratio, ?0.173 vs. 0.054), and endurance exercise performance (maximal oxygen uptake, 5.57 vs. 2.26 mL/kg/min; 400-m time trial record, ?20.41 vs. ?7.91 s) than in the normoxia. These indicate that hypoxic training composed of aerobic continuous and interval exercise improves the endurance exercise performance of amateur male swimmers with better hemodynamic function and ANS function.

Keywords: aerobic continuous and interval training; amateur male swimmers; autonomic nervous system function; endurance exercise performance; hemodynamic function; hypoxia (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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