Does Head Orientation Influence 3D Facial Imaging? A Study on Accuracy and Precision of Stereophotogrammetric Acquisition

Giuditta Battistoni, Diana Cassi, Marisabel Magnifico, Giuseppe Pedrazzi, Marco Di Blasio, Benedetta Vaienti and Alberto Di Blasio
Additional contact information
Giuditta Battistoni: Section of Orthodontics, Dental School, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
Diana Cassi: Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Science with Interest in Transplant Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
Marisabel Magnifico: Section of Orthodontics, Dental School, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
Giuseppe Pedrazzi: Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Neuroscience, Interdepartmental Centre of Robust Statistics (Ro.S.A.), University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
Marco Di Blasio: Section of Orthodontics, Dental School, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
Benedetta Vaienti: Section of Orthodontics, Dental School, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
Alberto Di Blasio: Section of Orthodontics, Dental School, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 8, 1-12

Abstract: This study investigates the reliability and precision of anthropometric measurements collected from 3D images and acquired under different conditions of head rotation. Various sources of error were examined, and the equivalence between craniofacial data generated from alternative head positions was assessed. 3D captures of a mannequin head were obtained with a stereophotogrammetric system (Face Shape 3D MaxiLine). Image acquisition was performed with no rotations and with various pitch, roll, and yaw angulations. On 3D images, 14 linear distances were measured. Various indices were used to quantify error magnitude, among them the acquisition error, the mean and the maximum intra- and inter-operator measurement error, repeatability and reproducibility error, the standard deviation, and the standard error of errors. Two one-sided tests (TOST) were performed to assess the equivalence between measurements recorded in different head angulations. The maximum intra-operator error was very low (0.336 mm), closely followed by the acquisition error (0.496 mm). The maximum inter-operator error was 0.532 mm, and the highest degree of error was found in reproducibility (0.890 mm). Anthropometric measurements from alternative acquisition conditions resulted in significantly equivalent TOST, with the exception of Zygion (l)–Tragion (l) and Cheek (l)–Tragion (l) distances measured with pitch angulation compared to no rotation position. Face Shape 3D Maxiline has sufficient accuracy for orthodontic and surgical use. Precision was not altered by head orientation, making the acquisition simpler and not constrained to a critical precision as in 2D photographs.

Keywords: stereophotogrammetry; head position; orthodontics; 3D imaging; anthropometry; dentistry craniofacial morphology; non-invasive imaging (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/8/4276/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/8/4276/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:8:p:4276-:d:538230

Access Statistics for this article

IJERPH is currently edited by Ms. Jenna Liu

More articles in IJERPH from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().