Sleep Quality and Physical Activity as Predictors of Mental Wellbeing Variance in Older Adults during COVID-19 Lockdown: ECLB COVID-19 International Online Survey

Khaled Trabelsi, Achraf Ammar, Liwa Masmoudi, Omar Boukhris, Hamdi Chtourou, Bassem Bouaziz, Michael Brach, Ellen Bentlage, Daniella How, Mona Ahmed, Patrick Mueller, Notger Mueller, Hsen Hsouna, Yousri Elghoul, Mohamed Romdhani, Omar Hammouda, Laisa Liane Paineiras-Domingos, Annemarie Braakman-Jansen, Christian Wrede, Sofia Bastoni, Carlos Soares Pernambuco, Leonardo Jose Mataruna-Dos-Santos, Morteza Taheri, Khadijeh Irandoust, Nicola L. Bragazzi, Jana Strahler, Jad Adrian Washif, Albina Andreeva, Stephen J. Bailey, Jarred Acton, Emma Mitchell, Nicholas T. Bott, Faiez Gargouri, Lotfi Chaari, Hadj Batatia, Samira C. Khoshnami, Evangelia Samara, Vasiliki Zisi, Parasanth Sankar, Waseem N. Ahmed, Gamal Mohamed Ali, Osama Abdelkarim, Mohamed Jarraya, Kais El Abed, Wassim Moalla, Nafaa Souissi, Asma Aloui, Nizar Souissi, Lisette Van Gemert-Pijnen, Bryan L. Riemann, Laurel Riemann, Jan Delhey, Jonathan Gómez-Raja, Monique Epstein, Robbert Sanderman, Sebastian Schulz, Achim Jerg, Ramzi Al-Horani, Taysir Mansi, Ismail Dergaa, Mohamed Jmail, Fernando Barbosa, Fernando Ferreira-Santos, Boštjan Šimunič, Rado Pišot, Saša Pišot, Andrea Gaggioli, Jürgen Steinacker, Piotr Zmijewski, Christian Apfelbacher, Jordan M. Glenn, Aïmen Khacharem, Cain C.T. Clark, Helmi Ben Saad, Karim Chamari, Tarak Driss, Anita Hoekelmann and on behalf of the ECLB-COVID19 Consortium
Additional contact information
Khaled Trabelsi: High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
Achraf Ammar: Institute of Sport Science, Otto-Von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
Liwa Masmoudi: High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
Omar Boukhris: High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
Hamdi Chtourou: High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
Bassem Bouaziz: Multimedia InfoRmation Systems and Advanced Computing Laboratory (MIRACL), Higher Institute of Computer Science and Multimedia of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
Michael Brach: Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
Ellen Bentlage: Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
Daniella How: Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
Mona Ahmed: Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
Patrick Mueller: Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
Notger Mueller: Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
Hsen Hsouna: High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
Yousri Elghoul: High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
Mohamed Romdhani: Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia
Omar Hammouda: High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
Laisa Liane Paineiras-Domingos: Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, Brazil
Annemarie Braakman-Jansen: Department of Psychology, Health & Technology, University of Twente, 7522 Enschede, The Netherlands
Christian Wrede: Department of Psychology, Health & Technology, University of Twente, 7522 Enschede, The Netherlands
Sofia Bastoni: Department of Psychology, Health & Technology, University of Twente, 7522 Enschede, The Netherlands
Carlos Soares Pernambuco: Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro 20261-063, Brasil
Leonardo Jose Mataruna-Dos-Santos: Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Management, Canadian University of Dubai, Dubai 117781, United Arab Emirates
Morteza Taheri: Faculty of Social Science, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin 34148-96818, Iran
Khadijeh Irandoust: Faculty of Social Science, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin 34148-96818, Iran
Nicola L. Bragazzi: Department of Health Sciences, Postgraduate School of Public Health, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
Jana Strahler: Department of Psychology and Sport Science, University of Gießen, 35394 Gießen, Germany
Jad Adrian Washif: Sports Performance Division, National Sports Institute of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
Albina Andreeva: Department of Sports Biomechanics, Moscow Center of Advanced Sport Technologies, 129272 Moscow, Russia
Stephen J. Bailey: School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough E11 3TU, UK
Jarred Acton: School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough E11 3TU, UK
Emma Mitchell: School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough E11 3TU, UK
Nicholas T. Bott: Clinical Excellence Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
Faiez Gargouri: Multimedia InfoRmation Systems and Advanced Computing Laboratory (MIRACL), Higher Institute of Computer Science and Multimedia of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
Lotfi Chaari: Computer Science Department, University of Toulouse, IRIT-INP-ENSEEIHT (UMR 5505), BP 7122 Toulouse, France
Hadj Batatia: Computer Science Department, University of Toulouse, IRIT-INP-ENSEEIHT (UMR 5505), BP 7122 Toulouse, France
Samira C. Khoshnami: UFR STAPS, UPL, Paris Nanterre University, 92000 Nanterre, France
Evangelia Samara: Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, 17674 Athens, Greece
Vasiliki Zisi: Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Thessaly, 421 00 Trikala, Greece
Parasanth Sankar: Consultant in Internal Medicine and Diabetes, MGM Muthoot Hospitals Pathanamthitta, Kerala 689645, India
Waseem N. Ahmed: Consultant Family Physician, CRAFT Hospital and Research Centre, Kodungallur, Kerala 680664, India
Gamal Mohamed Ali: Faculty of Physical Education, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
Osama Abdelkarim: Faculty of Physical Education, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
Mohamed Jarraya: High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
Kais El Abed: High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
Wassim Moalla: High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
Nafaa Souissi: High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
Asma Aloui: Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia
Nizar Souissi: Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia
Lisette Van Gemert-Pijnen: Department of Psychology, Health & Technology, University of Twente, 7522 Enschede, The Netherlands
Bryan L. Riemann: Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30458, USA
Laurel Riemann: PharmD, BCBS, PharmIAD, Inc., Savannah, GA 30458, USA
Jan Delhey: Institute of Social Science, Otto-Von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
Jonathan Gómez-Raja: FundeSalud, Department of Health and Social Services, Government of Extremadura, 06800 Merida, Spain
Monique Epstein: The E-Senior Association, 75020 Paris, France
Robbert Sanderman: Department of Health Psychology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9712 Groningen, The Netherlands
Sebastian Schulz: Sports- and Rehabilitation Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Leimgrubenweg 14, 89075 Ulm, Germany
Achim Jerg: Sports- and Rehabilitation Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Leimgrubenweg 14, 89075 Ulm, Germany
Ramzi Al-Horani: Department of Exercise Science, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan
Taysir Mansi: Faculty of Physical Education, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
Ismail Dergaa: PHCC, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
Mohamed Jmail: Digital Research Centre of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
Fernando Barbosa: Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
Fernando Ferreira-Santos: Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
Boštjan Šimunič: Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre Koper, Garibaldijeva 1, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
Rado Pišot: Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre Koper, Garibaldijeva 1, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
Saša Pišot: Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre Koper, Garibaldijeva 1, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
Andrea Gaggioli: Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart I UNICATT, 20123 Milano, Italy
Jürgen Steinacker: Sports- and Rehabilitation Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Leimgrubenweg 14, 89075 Ulm, Germany
Piotr Zmijewski: Faculty of Physical Education, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 00-809 Warsaw, Poland
Christian Apfelbacher: Institute for Social Medicine and Health Economy, Otto-Von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
Jordan M. Glenn: Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
Aïmen Khacharem: UVHC, DeVisu, Valenciennes, LIRTES-EA 7313, Université Paris Est Créteil Val de Marne, 94000 Creteil, France
Cain C.T. Clark: Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
Helmi Ben Saad: Hôpital Farhat HACHED de Sousse, Laboratoire de Recherche “Insuffisance Cardiaque”, Université de Sousse, Sousse LR12SP09, Tunisie
Karim Chamari: ASPETAR, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha 29222, Qatar
Tarak Driss: Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS, UPL, Paris Nanterre University, 92000 Nanterre, France
Anita Hoekelmann: Institute of Sport Science, Otto-Von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
on behalf of the ECLB-COVID19 Consortium: Institute of Sport Science, Otto-Von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 8, 1-18

Abstract: Background. The COVID-19 lockdown could engender disruption to lifestyle behaviors, thus impairing mental wellbeing in the general population. This study investigated whether sociodemographic variables, changes in physical activity, and sleep quality from pre- to during lockdown were predictors of change in mental wellbeing in quarantined older adults. Methods. A 12-week international online survey was launched in 14 languages on 6 April 2020. Forty-one research institutions from Europe, Western-Asia, North-Africa, and the Americas, promoted the survey. The survey was presented in a differential format with questions related to responses “pre” and “during” the lockdown period. Participants responded to the Short Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire, and the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Results. Replies from older adults (aged >55 years, n = 517), mainly from Europe (50.1%), Western-Asia (6.8%), America (30%), and North-Africa (9.3%) were analyzed. The COVID-19 lockdown led to significantly decreased mental wellbeing, sleep quality, and total physical activity energy expenditure levels (all p < 0.001). Regression analysis showed that the change in total PSQI score and total physical activity energy expenditure (F (2, 514) = 66.41 p < 0.001) were significant predictors of the decrease in mental wellbeing from pre- to during lockdown ( p < 0.001, R 2 : 0.20). Conclusion. COVID-19 lockdown deleteriously affected physical activity and sleep patterns. Furthermore, change in the total PSQI score and total physical activity energy expenditure were significant predictors for the decrease in mental wellbeing.

Keywords: pandemic; home confinement; lifestyle behaviors; wellbeing; aging (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (7)

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