Vitamin D Status and Its Determinants in Mexican Pregnant Women from a Rural and an Urban Area: A Comparative Study

Mayra Chávez-Courtois, Estela Godínez-Martínez, Cinthya Muñoz-Manrique, Viviana Negrete-Martínez, Carla Patricia González-Leyva, Maricruz Tolentino-Dolores, Blanca Suárez-Rico, Guadalupe Estrada-Gutierrez and Otilia Perichart-Perera
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Mayra Chávez-Courtois: Nutrition and Bioprogramming Coordination, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
Estela Godínez-Martínez: Nutrition and Bioprogramming Coordination, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
Cinthya Muñoz-Manrique: Nutrition and Bioprogramming Coordination, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
Viviana Negrete-Martínez: Nutrition and Bioprogramming Coordination, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
Carla Patricia González-Leyva: Nutrition and Bioprogramming Coordination, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
Maricruz Tolentino-Dolores: Nutrition and Bioprogramming Coordination, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
Blanca Suárez-Rico: Community Interventions Research Branch, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
Guadalupe Estrada-Gutierrez: Research Direction, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
Otilia Perichart-Perera: Nutrition and Bioprogramming Coordination, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City 11000, Mexico

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 9, 1-13

Abstract: Background: During pregnancy, vitamin D requirements are higher due to fetal growth and development. Vitamin D production occurs mainly through sunlight exposure, which is affected by geographic location and lifestyle factors. Methods: This was a case-control study nested within two cohorts of adult pregnant women ( n = 298): urban (Mexico City) and rural (Cuetzalan). To reduce confounding, pairs were selected by age, pregestational body mass index, and pregnancy trimester. Generalized linear models were used to assess the two groups according to their vitamin D status. Results: A total of 298 adult women were studied: 149 from a rural area and 149 from an urban area. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were observed in 28% and 38.2% of women, respectively. A trend for higher 25(OH)D concentrations was observed in women from the rural area (27.5 ng/mL vs. 25.8 ng/mL), probably related to the type of job, where women with partial jobs showing less probability of having vitamin D deficiency (OR = 0.26; CI = 0.06–1.16; p = 0.08) and vitamin D insufficiency (OR = 0.24; CI = 0.06–0.99; p = 0.05). Women whose Last Menstrual Period occurred in spring showed lower vitamin D concentration compared to those whose LMP occurred in winter ( p < 0.01). Conclusions: A high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was observed in both rural and urban areas. Women living in rural areas tended to have higher 25(OH)D concentrations, probably related to more sunlight exposure associated with their type of job.

Keywords: serum 25-OH-D; vitamin D status; pregnancy; rural; urban; Hispanic; Mexico (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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